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James Abram Garfield 20th President of the United States (March 4, 1881 to September 19, 1881) Nickname: None listed. Born: November 19, 1831, in Orange, Ohio Died: September 19, 1881, in Elberon, New Jersey

Father: Abram Garfield
Mother: Eliza Ballou Garfield
Married: Lucretia Rudolph (1832-1918), on November 11, 1858
Children: Eliza A. Garfield (1860-63); Harry A. Garfield (1863-1942) James R. Garfield (1865-1950); Mary Garfield (1867-1947); Irvin M. Garfield (1870-1951); Abram Garfield (1872-1958); Edward Garfield (1874-76)

Religion: Disciples of Christ
Education: Attended Western Reserve Eclectic Institute (now Hiram College); Graduated from Williams College (1856)
Occupation: Teacher, public official
Political Party: Republican
Other Government Positions:

• Member of Ohio State Senate, 1859-61
• Member of U.S. House of Representatives, 1863-80
• Elected to United States Senate, 1880

Presidential Salary: $50,000/year

Vice President: Chester A. Arthur (1881)

Cabinet:

Secretary of State

James G. Blaine (1881)

Secretary of the Treasury

William Windom (1881)

Secretary of War

Robert Todd Lincoln (1881)

Attorney General

I. Wayne McVeagh (1881)

Postmaster General

Thomas L. James (1881)

Secretary of the Navy

William H. Hunt (1881)

Secretary of the Interior

Samuel J. Kirkwood (1881)

Notable Events:

• 1881
  • On July 2, shot by Charles Julius Guiteau. Garfield died of blood poisoning on September 19.

Internet Biographies:

James A. Garfield -- from The Presidents of the United States of America

Compiled by the White House.

James A. Garfield -- from The American Presidency

Grolier Online has created this resource from its collection of print articles in Encyclopedia Americana. Contains a full biography, written by Harry James Brown and Frederick D. Williams of Michigan State University, along with suggestions for further reading.

James Garfield -- from The American President

From the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia, in addition to information on the Presidents themselves, they have first lady and cabinet member biographies, listings of presidential staff and advisers, and timelines detailing significant events in the lives of each administration.

James A. Garfield -- from Virtualology

Comprehensive biography. Author is unclear.

Historical Documents:

Inaugural Address (1881)

Other Internet Resources:

James A. Garfield National Historic Site

Lawnfield, the Mentor, Ohio home of Garfield also houses his presidential library. Tourist information provided by the National Park Service.

Points of Interest:

• Garfield was the first left-handed president.
• James Garfield could write Latin with one hand and Greek with the other.
• The last of seven presidents born in a log cabin, Garfield weighed 10 pounds at birth.
• He was the first president to campaign in two languages -- English and German.
• On election day, November 2, 1880, he was at the same time a member of the House, Senator-elect and President-elect.
• His mother was the first president's mother to attend her son's inauguration.
• At the age of twenty-six, Garfield became president of Hiram College. At the time the school only had five faculty memebers.
• After Garfield's shooting, repeated probing for the bullet with non-sterile instruments resulted in blood poisoning which eventually killed him.

Previous President: Rutherford Birchard Hayes | Next President: Chester Alan Arthur

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