Introduction
There are numerous learning situations of immense sociological significance that can be observed during daily activities through participant observation. The specific learning situations observed during the assigned week include a person watching television and a parent teaching a child at home. In this particular essay, these learning situations are described in details, along with the culture components that were being learned and taught. The essay also covers the agents and stages of socialization, together with the way in which the observed incidents support the socialization theories developed by renowned sociologists.
First Situation: Person Watching Television
In this learning situation, a 20 year old woman watching several
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Specifically, the mass media in this case is the television, since the teenage woman interacted with the TV through watching the show. Through this socialization agent, the observed viewer is exposed to events that arouse strong emotions, despite the entire show being total romanticism. For this cause, the television serves as a premise that broadcasts programs that present constantly altered social reality. Shrum (1998) attests to, and adds that mass media as an agent of socialization seems to be a tool for reinforcing gender typecasts and other forms of stereotypes. The stage of socialization pertinent to this observation situation is the secondary socialization. This is where the teenage woman advances the socialization process beyond the family environment, and where the influence of the peers becomes significant (Tischler, 2013). The incident in this observation advocates the theory of personality formulated by Erik Erikson. According to McLeod (2008), Erikson’s theory asserts that the psychosocial development of an individual takes place in eight distinct psychosocial phases or stages. Based on this theory, the woman observed is in the first development stage in adults, which is the sixth stage in Erikson’s theory. Specifically, it is the intimacy vs. isolation stage of psychosocial development that happens between 18 and 40 years of age. …show more content…
The two entities in this situation constitute a partially complete family unit, which serves as the most crucial agent of childhood socialization according to Henslin (2010). School as an agent of socialization is indirectly represented in this situation by the element of knowledge and skill transfer from an adult (father) to a child (daughter). Two stages of socialization are identified in this case, and these include primary and adult socialization stages. While the father is in the adult socialization stage characterized by entering into and performing duties and responsibility, the child is in the primary socialization stage characterized by inquisitiveness to learn cognitive skills and language, together with norm and value internalization (McLeod, 2008). The incidents in this situation support Piaget theory, which is a cognitive development theory, formulated by Jean Piaget. It states that cognitive development in children is the development in mental states that occurs in sequential stages through discoveries, information integration insightful critical thinking and interaction (Cherry,
Television offers delicious meals of simple, yet highly compromised philosophy. It is served up with programming that displays the corrupted ideology that is okay for women to subject themselves to being seen as sexual commodities. It disrupts the desire to uphold their own moral code and maintain a sense of self-respect. The collaboration of the media’s ideals repudiates the collateral learning of the young women.
This form of media is one of the most influential agents of socialization able to change people’s attitude, values, and beliefs towards patterns of behavior. It shows that traditional attitudes toward typical gender roles, racial stereotypes and leadership are being rethought by contemporary society. After attending medical school Meredith Grey
Journal #2 I love to think of myself as a critically-thinking individual who comes to conclusions solely based on personal analyses of the world around me. In reality, I am largely a reflection of the cultures and spaces I occupy. The Cycle of Socialization by Bobbie Haro, defines socialization as “systematic training on how to beach of our social identities throughout our lives.” Thinking of my upbringing as something that is systemic sheds a different perspective on my realities. I was raised in a conservative, catholic, middle class family.
The goal of the theory is to explain the mechanisms and processes by which the infant, and then the child, develops into an individual who can reason and think using hypotheses. To Piaget, cognitive development was a progressive reorganization of mental processes as a result of biological maturation and environmental experience. Children construct an understanding of the world around them, then experience discrepancies between what they already know and what they discover in their environment. Both Piaget and Vygotsky provided highly influential theories which had impact on the way children are taught. However, as with every theory and study, there are pro’s and con’s to be highlighted.
Theoretical Perspectives The way in which settings plan and support children’s development in play is influenced by a range of theoretical perspectives. Cognitive Theory In 1936 Piaget developed the theory of cognitive development and suggested that children move through four different stages of mental development. The theory emphases how children acquire knowledge and focuses on understanding the nature of intelligence in children.
Raising children is not an easy task because it requires love, patience, and the strength to discipline them for their wrongdoing. Discipline is the child's understanding of the rules and regulations in which they follow to learn good moral principles. In today's world, children lack discipline because the parent or parents failed to establish discipline within their own households. As a result, children fall short in their academic work which prohibits them from becoming successful. To discipline our children, we must look at Developmental Psychologist Jean Piaget and John Bowlby to educate ourselves in the psychology of children behaviour in the disciplinary setting.
On the Contrary, Erickson (…………….) believed that there were eight stages of human development, he emphasised his development in terms of social and emotional development with each stage associated with social conflict or crisis while Vogotsky (………………) explain the theory of human development using the sociocultural theory. Vygotsky argued that children build their knowledge through social and cultural experiences. One of major criticism of Piaget theory of cognitive development is the use of strict stage time scale for each stage of development. Many researchers in their own opinion agreed that many children abilities overlap. (…………………
He also believes that children’s physical and social environment is important in children’s cognitive development. He believes that children are active learners who gain knowledge from their surroundings. Children learn through taking in there surrounding and modifications, and multiple cognitive development occurs through collaboration. Piaget’s thinks that children and adolescent’s cognitive development explains the changes in logical thinking. •
Introduction As children begin to grow, they start to make sense of the world around them. Cognitive development in children and adolescents is a topic highly researched by psychologists as it underpins all other aspects of development such as language, communication and comprehension. There has been much debate with regard to cognitive development because of the many varying theories on the topic, the most popular being the works of Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget. Piaget’s theory, although highly respected has shown many shortcomings of which Vygotsky’s approach seems to fill in the gaps by emphasizing rather than neglecting the role of social interaction and mediated learning (Harwood et al., 2008).
Cognitive abilities enable children to process the sensory information that they collect from the environment. According to Wood, Smith and Grossniklaus (2012), Piaget defined cognitive development as the progressive reorganization of the mental processes that results in biological experience and maturation. As numerous researchers have explained, children normally undergo many changes from birth to adolescents, most of them being growth related. According to Cook (2005), the changes in thinking is what researchers call cognitive development. In toddlers, cognitive development is observed through the early use of tools and objects, the child’s behavior when objects are moved in front of them and their understanding when objects and when people are in their environment.
Piaget developed a stage theory of intellectual development that included four distinct stages: the sensorimotor stage, from birth to age 2; the preoperational stage, from age 2 to about age 7; the concrete operational stage, from age 7 to 11; and the formal operational stage, which begins in adolescence and spans into adulthood. He believed that there were four necessary ingredients for cognitive development which included: “maturation of the nervous system, experiences gained through interaction with physical world, social environment, and child’s active participation in adapting to environment & constructing knowledge from experience.” (Sullivan, 2014, Slide 3) The sensorimotor stage occurs between birth and age 2. Infants and toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory experiences and handling objects.
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Cognition is a process where different aspects of the mind are working together that lead to knowledge. Piaget’s cognitive development theory is based on stages that children go through as they grow that lead them to actively learn new information. Cognitive change occurs with schemes that children and adults go through to make sense of what is happening around them. The change that occurs is activity based when the child is young and later in life correlates to mental thinking. Piaget’s stages of cognitive development start from birth to adulthood
The systematic study of cognitive development was first made by Piaget. Piaget’s theory observes and describes children at different ages. His theory is very extensive, which starts from birth through adolescence, and includes concepts of language, scientific reasoning, moral development, and memory. Piaget’s assume that children construct their own knowledge in response to their experiences. Hence children
Definition: Cognitive development is the process of acquiring intelligence and increasingly advanced thought and problem-solving ability from infancy to adulthood. Theorists had different views as to the development
Media and Gender Media is one such space where sexual orientation plays a vital and basic part. Media influences sexual orientation pareticular conduct to an expansive degree including "since a long time ago recognized energy to speak to 'socially satisfactory ' methods for being or identifying with others, and to designate, or all the more normally withhold, open acknowledgment, honour and status to gatherings of individuals" (Carter and Steiner, 2004: p. 1). They besides affirm that the sexist messages of media structures like TV dramatizations, daily papers, movies, publicizing, smut, comic books, news magazines and ladies ' magazines, well known music and cleanser musical dramas mingle individuals, for the most part youngsters, into