The purpose of this experiment was to separate all components in a mixture that was consisted of water, salt, sand and mineral oil. This was achieved through the knowledge on physical properties of the substances being used, and also through previous understanding of intermolecular forces. This lab is based on the Athabasca Oil Sands, which are located in Northern Alberta, an area that is highly controversial due to its negative impact on the environment and the First Nations People. In 2011, 52 million tons of crude oil were extracted and distilled for fossil fuels, making it one of the largest mining operations in the world. In this area, crude oil exists as bitumen, which is mixed with sediments like sand and clay. Oil production is extremely …show more content…
All of the components of this mixture have different physical properties, which is what helped in the process of separation. Starting with sodium chloride, this is a compound that has the following physical properties: colourless, transparent, crystal structure, salty taste, boiling point of 1465 degrees Celsius, melting point of 8000.7 degrees Celsius, and is soluble in water (Sodium Chloride, PubChem). Silicon dioxide, which is also known as silica, has the physical properties of odourless, a boiling point of 2230 degrees Celsius, a melting point of 1710 degrees Celsius, and is insoluble in water (Silicon Dioxide, PubChem). Furthermore, octane is an alkane that that has the physical properties of colourless, clear, liquid, a boiling point of 125.6 degrees Celsius, a melting point of -56.73 degrees Celsius, and is soluble in water (Octane, PubChem). When connecting back to the Athabasca Oil Sands, on average, the sediments and oil are mixed together with …show more content…
Sodium chloride forms an ionic intermolecular force, and silicon dioxide and octane both form a London dispersion force. Each compound behaves differently in water. Sodium chloride is soluble in water, and silica and mineral oil are not. This is because of the idea that likes dissolve like. Water forms a polar intermolecular force, and when ionic molecules enter it, they dissolve because the water molecules are more attracted to the ions rather than other water molecules. However, when non-polar compounds like octane and silica enter, they do not dissolve because the water molecules are more attracted to each other. When separating, it is known that silica/sand is a solid that does not dissolve, so it is easy to filter it out. The salt would have dissolved in the water, so it would not be filtered out with the sand. Since mineral oil is insoluble, they separate over time, which can then be removed. Finally, the salt is dissolved into the water, but it has a much higher boiling point than water, so the water can be boiled and evaporated at 100 degrees Celsius, leaving the salt
WILD GROWTH HAIR OIL (INGREDIENTS, SIDE EFFECTS, HOW TO USE) Wild Growth Hair Oil is so big right now. In fact, it is one of the biggest hair loss treatments out there. It is really taking over the industry. In fact, it is positioned as a market leader, if one is to believe reports from Wild Growth Hair Oil reviewers. According to them it is the biggest, most effective and most popular hair care product out there.
One of the affect is “Shale Fracturing”. This happens when the mixture reaches to the end of the
The technological advance of oil and natural gas extraction has advanced greatly in the last few decades. The method of propelling sand, chemicals, and water beneath the surface of the Earth in Shale rocks is known as hydraulic fracturing or fracking (Occupy Theory, 2014); while effective at extracting oil and natural gas, fracking remains a controversial method. Many factors such as water consumption and reduction of surface toxicity play major roles in the debate about the expansion of the fracking industry. With the high price of oil, new technologies were necessary for supply the energy demands and decrease prices. Fracking allows companies to access more oil and gas because they are able to horizontally drill through rocks thereby obtaining more product.
Extracting oil from the sands requires a massive amount of energy. This process also creates large environmental issues for the surrounding area. By 2015, 196,000 tonnes of green-house gases will be emitted into the atmosphere; as well as the large amount of fresh water that is required for the process alone (324). The extent of environmental issues with this practice is enormous, but this instance itself shows the absurdity when we take the economist approach seriously. When faced with a resource shortage, we need to stop thinking of only alternatives but also think of the reason for the shortage.
The rate of oil spills has increased rapidly as humans become more reliant on oil as an energy source. In fact, there have been more than 50 mega-spills since 1970. One of the worst effects of oil spills is the immense impact on marine wildlife. Humans should reduce their oil usage because oil spills are harmful to marine mammals, dangerous to whales, destructive to aquatic birds, deadly to fish, and can be as disastrous as the Exxon Valdez oil spill. The effects of oil spills on mammals are catastrophic.
High fructose corn syrup is basically a corn syrup in which enzymes have been additional to alteration selected of the glucose to fructose and creation the product syrup sweeter than corn syrup. In this report I will cover basic ideas and information related to high fructose corn syrup, physical and chemical properties of HFCS. There are many manufacturer process, that used corn syrup as an raw material, and HFCS used in many food stuffs for developing better taste, odor and flavor. In the middle section of this report I will show the process flow diagram of the process that uses starch as an raw material for the production of HFCS. At the end of this report I will cover up, how environment affected due to the production of HFCS, and what are
Environmentalists see the movie Avatar as a close depiction of our society's reality with the Alberta oil sands. James Cameron, the director of Avatar, created this blockbuster to bring awareness to a growing issue of Alberta’s oil sands. Undoubtedly, he has achieved this task as this movie shows numerous similarities, but also some differences regarding the current situation with the oil sands. Both show similarities when it comes to cultural and environmental sustainabilities. One environmental sustainabilities that both Avatar and the Alberta oil sands share is that in both situations mining companies decrease biodiversity.
The real answer to this question is oil and our dependency on it for our daily lives. Oil is used in almost everything we use, sometimes on a daily basis. It is used to run our cars, and transportation centers, and it is used in everyday products. Oil is a precious commodity that has impacted man-kind for the last century and seems to grow each and every year. One of the main problems that has come up in recent years, is finding it and digging for it.
Q3 - OE_Strengths What do you see as Tullow Oil’s particular strengths as an investment? "They have a good technical team on the exploration side. And they sort of have a first mover advantage, previously, in a few basins. "
The saponification (a reaction in making soap) process is a base (usually NaOH or KOH) hydrolysis of triglycerides to make salt (soap) and glycerol. Alkalis such as Sodium carbonate and Sodium hydroxide are used to neutralize the fatty acid and convert it to a salt. The molecules crystallize differently depending on the base used. NaOH produces a harder bar while KOH is used more frequently for liquid soaps. In some cases, Lithium soaps are formed and produce much harder soaps.
Properties of Ionic and Covalent Substances Lab Report Introduction The purpose of this lab was to determine which of the following substances: wax, sugar, and salt, are an ionic compound and which are a covalent compound. In order to accurately digest the experiments results, research of definitions of each relating led to the following information: ionic compounds are positive and negatively charged ions that experience attraction to each other and pull together in a cluster of ionic bonds; they are the strongest compound, are separated in high temperatures, and can be separated by polar water molecules. A covalent compound forms when two or more nonmetal atoms share valence electrons; covalent compounds are also
World oil supply is not growing very much, and demand is growing rapidly in developing countries, the oil must come from elsewhere to meet the growing demand. This is how the system is through the transfer of high oil prices. High oil prices, mainly the United States, several European countries and in Japan as a problem for the oil importing countries. The oil is used in food growing and changing since, rising oil prices, the cost of these countries, depression, and low oil consumption is likely to lead to
The authors of the report focused on 10 countries in sub-Saharan Africa exporting oil: Angola, Cameroon, Congo (Brazzaville), Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, South Sudan and Chad. " Between 2011 and 2013, the governments sold more than 2.3 Billion barrels of oil represents more than 250 billion dollars, or about 56 percent of its general revenues. " The authors of the report wanted to highlight the deals concluded by Switzerland and its wholly-owned businesses in Geneva and Zog-Lugano. Swiss companies bought between 2011 and 2013 more than 500 million barrels of oil worth $ 55
Many people are familiar with tanker accidents, since they are highly publicized, and they release large volumes of oil into the ocean. Only a small percentage of global oil spills are related to tanker accidents due to explosions, hull failure, or running aground, however. These spills tend to be very harmful because of the sheer volume of oil released at once, and they pose a serious threat to marine animals and seabirds. Such disasters frequently bring attention to issues with safe oil handling, which can lead to reforms in petroleum regulation. Oil spills in the water can also be caused by natural seepage.
It is important to isolate the bacteria having a high capacity to degrade hydrocarbon contamination to perform the bioremediation methods in contaminated areas (20). In the current study, a bacterium strain MS1 with high capacity responsible for crude oil degradation was isolated from surface sediment of Kish Island and identified as Halomonas sp. The genus Halomonas, which was initially suggested by Vreeland (21) and includes more than 20 species, are among the largest moderate halophilic bacterial groups with biodegradation potential of hydrocarbon pollutants (22,23). In this study, the optimum culture condition for crude oil biodegradation by MS1 determined by Taguchi method indicated that the use of statistical experimental design techniques