Francesca Agobe Section-17 BRASSICA RAPA INTERACTIONS WITH INTRASPECEFIC COMPETITION AMOUNG HIGH AND LOW DENSITY VARIABLE POPULATIONS Abstract Competition occurs in plants when there are a limited number of resources. Certain traits that affect advantages or disadvantages in between organisms. Our hypothesis for our experiment that intraspecific competition in low and high density treatments would affect height and survivorship for Brassica rapa. We made high and low density treatments of ten seeds and two seeds respectively. Each treatment had water, soil, and fertilizer. The height and survivorship from each treatment was averaged over four weeks. These results show no significant difference between the high and low treatments. The …show more content…
Intraspecific competition occurs when the organisms belong to the same species. Competition between different species is known as interspecific competition. An experiment was conducted on Fagus sylvatica L. to determine if competition was occurring in high or low density environments, the findings showed that interspecific and intraspecific competition were comparable (Knoke, et al, 2007) Brassica rapa is known as a significant model organism because it can reach adulthood in as little as six weeks. It is sometimes referred to as a “fast plant”. (Aspbury & Gabor, 2014). This species is ideal for lab experiments because many different generations can be produced relatively quickly. An experiment conducted by the University of Montana conducted on an experiment with B. rapa dealing with plant competition and found that plant defenses aid plants and plants may naturally select and evolve to compete and defend against competition (Siemens, et al, …show more content…
rapa our class planted Brassica Rapa seeds at high densities and low densities, the low density, with two seeds, and a high density with ten seeds into pots that were 400 mL. We added a conservative amount of water by sprinkling it, as well as fertilizer and then placed the pots on a rack under 40 watt lights. After 5 weeks, we harvested the plants and measured height and survivorship. We compared the height and survivorship between the high and low densities using an unpaired T-test in JMP. Results The experiment failed to reject the null hypothesis because there was no difference between two groups. The statistical analysis found that there was not a substantial enough difference between the high-density and low-density treatments to support the hypothesis that intraspecific competition would affect height and survivorship (Figures 1 & 2). We found that the low-density and high-density treatments were virtually the same and intraspecific competition did not affect height (t ratio=-2.04, DF=426, p-value= .021). For the survivorship variable, we also found that there was not a noteworthy difference in the results (t-ratio=-5.58, DF=458, p-value Functional Ecology Funct Ecol 29.10 (2015):
Lesser celandine is an important invasive species to north east Ohio as it has become widespread throughout the forests promoting a decline in plant diversity. A proper method for control of lesser celandine has not yet been established and therefore it is crucial that a proper growing method is established to allow further research on the plant. This paper will elaborate on a plausible method for growing lesser celandine (Ficaria verna) in a laboratory environment. Throughout the introduction, a proper in depth explanation of what invasive species are and the known aspects of lesser celandine will be discussed. For the experiment, we used controlled lighting, soil, pots, and water reception, but the plants were divided by temperature (13 *C
Introduction and Thesis Competition exists between the Mexican Palm Tree and Coast Live Oak at the Arroyo Seco Watershed. Competition is the interaction between two organisms or species where the fitness by one is lowered by the presence of the other. Due to Coast Live Oak and the Mexican Palm Tree having such a limited space and water supply, they compete with one another. The Palm Tree adapts through its high growth rate, while having a higher height than the coast live oak and by being drought tolerant. The Coast Live Oak adapts to the competition by having a specialized root system allowing it to collect moisture through the different layers of soil.
Duckweed is one of the smallest flowering aquatic plants and is present in fresh water or wetland habitats. Though it looks mundane, there is an intricate biological mechanism which is affected by factors such as limiting factors, carrying capacity, logistic and exponential population growth, density dependent and density independent limiting factors, competition, interspecific and intraspecific competition, and optimal growth conditions. All of these will be discussed in this essay to understand the life of a duckweed. Populations can experience changes in size due to different factors, such as availability of resources and living conditions. Limiting factors, which are anything influencing the growth of a population, can restrict the size
ABSTRACT The purpose of this lab is to determine the effects of natural selection on the populations of predators and prey. Beans representing “prey” were scattered in a grass field. Forks, spoons, knives, and forceps were used as “predators” and were placed in an area to see which was best adapted to the environment. In the end, forceps managed to catch the most prey.
Natural selection is responsible for the large diversity among plants. Natural selection is the main evolutionary process acting on random variations within a population; an evolutionary process that produces organism better suited for their environment, thus, creating diversity among plants, and differential reproduction based on genetic constitution. In order for natural selection to occur either mutation, gene flow, or genetic drift, one or all of these will produce an inherited trait that has an effect from the environment the organism lives in. The most powerful of these agents is mutation, which is the change in a cell’s DNA; which can caused by environmental mutations, or occur normally.
INTRODUCTION Organisms require the interaction with other biotic and abiotic factors for a harmonious existence in this nature and is crucial to its existence as well as the functioning of the whole ecosystem (Elton 1968).Depending upon the strength, duration, direction of their effects and mechanism of the interaction,these interactions can be further classified and it spans from species interacting only once in their lifetime (e.g. pollination) to those which completes their entire life in another (e.g. endosymbiosis). The interactions may be detrimental as consumption of the other as in the case of predation, herbivory, or cannibalism or may be advantageous to both as in mutualism. It is not mandatory that the effects of interactions are always direct. It can be also incidental through mediaries such as shared resources or common enemies.
Name: Hithesh Kunnel Shaji Student number: 15317833 __________________________________________________________________________________ Plant-animal co-evolution What is coevolution? Coevolution can be defined as evolution in two or more evolutionary entities brought about by mutual selective effect between the entities. This means the trait in specie one can affect the evolutionary pathway of specie two which in turn affect the evolutionary pathway of specie one. Coevolution interaction can be positive, neutral or negative. There are various examples that support coevolution.
Species interact with each other in the natural world. Two ways species interact are through competition or cooperation. In this study, the average needle length of Red Pines, Pinus resinosa, was compared to the distance to the nearest tree to see if the trees were interacting via competing or cooperation. It was found that the average needle length was longer when distance between the nearest tree was the closest.