Discuss the impact that industrialization had on racial stratification of American Americans: from slavery to segregation
Industrial technology began to transform American society in the early 1800’s, but the effects were not felt equally throughout the regions. The first states to industrialize were the northern states. While the northern states industrialized the plantation system and agricultural production continued to control in the south. This economic diversity contributes to one of the primary causes of the regional conflict that eventually led to the Civil War. Since there was more productive technology in the North they had more resources and defeated the South in the Civil War. Slavery was abolished and the black-white relations in the South entered a new era once the Civil War ended in 1865. After the war, the southern system of race relations was designed to continue the control of African Americans. The system was also intended to eliminate any political or economic threat from the African American community.
De Jure Segregation:
The system that replaced slavery in the South was De Jure Segregation. De Jure Segregation refers to racial segregation that is institutionalized in local and state law. De Jure Segregation is often referred to as Jim Crow system. Under the De Jure Segregation, the minority group is
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Colleges and universities have been involved in affirmative action programs. An example is a recent court case Schuette versus BAMN. In April 2014, the Supreme Court upheld an amendment to the state constitution of Michigan that banned the use of race as a factor in admission and hiring decisions in all state agencies. The decision ended affirmative action, in any form, in Michigan and in several other states with similar
Part III applies the Court’s precedent to the University’s affirmative action policy and concludes that the policy violates the Equal Protection Clause. Part IV examines the impact of Fisher II on existing affirmative action policies and concludes that the Court’s holding will be narrowly crafted and thus negligibly impact other policies. In addition, Part IV asserts that the Court’s affirmative action jurisprudence should be fundamentally altered because it fails to adequately guide lower courts, legislatures, and litigants concerning the permissible scope of affirmative action policies. As discussed in Part IV, a more effective—and honest—approach would be to acknowledge that: (1) diversity is an essential part of ensuring inclusion in higher education and the workplace; (2) remedying past discrimination is a compelling state interest; and (3) in limited circumstances race may be a dispositive factor in the admissions or hiring process. The Court’s current framework, although well-intentioned, ignores these realities and tries to quantify the role of race in admissions – a task that is impossible and
Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, the Supreme Court decided that the amendment of Michigan’s Constitution which banned affirmative action at public institutions was constitutional. Prior to the enactment of this law, Michigan residents had voted in favor of the proposed amendment that prohibited consideration of race or sex in admissions to Michigan’s public universities. In turn, the Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, Integration and Immigration Rights and Fight for Equality by Any Means Necessary, sued state officials-- arguing that this amendment violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth
In history growing up I learned that slavery ended when president Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation. After this law was passed, African Americans were embarking a new journey, Radical reconstruction. The end of slavery was only the beginning. It was the beginning of and unjust, corrupted system. Reconstruction was a brief period following the Civil War in which an attempt was made by the federal government to disenfranchise the former slaveholding oligarchy and to improve the economic, educational, political, and human rights conditions of poor whites and blacks in the South (Feagin, Feagin 2011).
The industrialization of the north was an issue that arguably divided the United States in 1845. The rapid shift from an agrarian economy to an industrial one spurred an influx of immigrants which increased the amount of the working population in the north, and gave northern living its own culture as the development of industry took hold. Contrastingly the south was still an agrarian
During the events leading to the reconstruction era, slavery had been abolished due to President Abraham Lincoln’s executive order of the emancipation proclamation. After the civil war and Lincoln’s assassination, slavery was official abolished but not everyone became equal between the white and black race. Many of the former slaves want to demand civil rights and the future for the United States to be equalized. But much work had to be done before equal rights can be spread throughout America.
With every new age, advancements are made and problems arise as people adapt. The industrial revolution had many impacts on society as social reform movements began to gain momentum, slavery was being dealt with, expansionism brought up new ways of life, but the tension between the North and the South were also increased. From 1800 to 1860 new inventions improved life, but the differences between populations necessities simply kindled the fire that was already burning due to slavery. The travel system, factories, and overall wealth are a couple of ways industrial development factored in the relationship between the North and the South. At the start of America, horses, wagons, and feet were great ways to travel, as people explored more
The time after the Civil War is known as Reconstruction, a time period where America was trying to rebuild the country after the harsh ending of the war. Thousands of slaves had been released, searching for jobs and new opportunities, and many southerners were against the changes being made. The goal of Reconstruction was to have the country rebuilt and to establish unity, however that was not the case. Reconstruction did not provide freedom for African Americans due to the amount of racism prevailing in the country, political tensions, and the inability to work for themselves. Racism had been an ongoing issue within the south, even though it had only a small contribution to the Civil War.
The American Industrialization was in the late 1800’s making many things to improve the economy. The American Industrialization was caused by multiple factors, some of the factors included a growing population, a willing work force, high tariffs, among many more. These effects made people willing to work at lower wages so they can get jobs and buy American made goods. There were many outcomes of the Industrial Revolution, both positive, like improving people's lives, and negative effects, like exploitation of workers. The positive effects of American Industrialization is how it make work cheaper, employed thousands of workers, and improving people’s lives.
During the pre-civil war time period— also known as the antebellum years— America experienced a widespread transformation for the sake of its economy. With the booming belief of the Manifest Destiny, America’s constant desire for westward expansion caused disputes between the North and the South regarding the establishment of free states and slave states, which led to certain compromises such as the Missouri Compromise. After the Market Revolution, the North and South used its new gained land to create different means of economic gains; the North became industrialized through manufacturing, while the South became an agricultural industry dependent on cotton. However, as America’s boundaries expanded, tensions between the North and South grew, often leading to compromises in bloodshed. The drastic differences between the two groups eventually transformed America into a divided nation of sectionalism economically, politically, and socially.
After the American Civil War, slavery was abolished, unleashing a vast amount of Blacks into American society. Following the Civil War was the Reconstruction Era which empowered Blacks. For example, the 14th and 15th amendment were passed which made blacks citizens with the same rights as any other slavery and gave blacks voting rights. Southern blacks begin taking control over the states as voting privilege allowed blacks to be voted into local government position and even a senator position in the U.S Congress. However, with the end of Reconstruction by the Compromise of 1877 which removed all federal troops in the south in exchange for Hayes withdrawal from the presidential election, Southern states made new constitutions to disenfranchised the blacks.
as a result. Although Reconstruction did immediately fill black people with faith that they would get to have a say that the U.S. would become, in the end, the Reconstruction led to segregation between African Americans and white people and the mistreatment of those who had hoped that they would finally be viewed as real people. The events occurring at the end of the Reconstruction era would lead to an increase in racism in the South, and eventually lead to lack of development in the South. This reveals that even though the Reconstruction era was used to help the U.S. thrive away from racism, it would just cause the next generations of African Americans to be once again mistreated and terrorized by
Particularly in the South, they continued to seek opportunities to legal slavery. As a result, Southerners pass a state law, Black Codes, during reconstruction. This law restricted the civil rights and public activities of legally freed African Americans. Owning weapons, freedom of movement, and land ownerships were against Black Codes. Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896), the court case that upheld authority of the state law claiming, “separate-but-equal facilities for whites and blacks” , led up to another significant factor, segregation, which arose to be controversy in mid-1900s.
Between the year of 1865 and the year of 1920, the United States moved towards becoming a more industrialized and developing society. With this change taking place, resulted in improvement with how people live with family and earned money differently. The three major aspects of industrialization during the 1865 and 1920 that influenced the politics, economy and society of the United States are: entrepreneurship, technology, as well as transport and communication network. Entrepreneurship: the period after the Civil War from 1865 to 1920 was characterized by fast economic growth in the country.
Racism’s Impact on Reconstruction While the issue of slavery evidently contributed to the divide that resulted in the American Civil War, it is debated whether prevailing ideals of racism caused the failure of the era following the war known as Reconstruction. With the abolishment of slavery, many of the southern states had to reassemble the social, economic, and political systems instilled in their societies. The Reconstruction Era was originally led by a radical republican government that pushed to raise taxes, establish coalition governments, and deprive former confederates of superiority they might have once held. However, during this time common views were obtained that the South could recover independently and that African Americans
Industrialization after the Civil War One of the most remarkable consequences of the Civil war was the industrialization of the United States, which transformed the economy of the country. While certain industries, such as textiles and clock making saw industrialization during the first half of the nineteenth century, it was not until the Civil War that industrialization spread throughout America. The Civil War spurred the process of industrialization and encourages new production techniques that would have the greatest impact after the end of the war. Some of the significant reasons for the delay of industrialization of America after the Civil War were social, economic, political, geographic and legal reasons. The industrialization affected various groups of the society belonging to distinct races and ethnic backgrounds.