7) Discussion: The goal of this experiment was to covert 1-butanol into 1-bromobutane. By reacting 1-butanol with bromine, a nucleophilic substitution would occur where the alcohol group from 1-butanol is replaced with a bromine. In order for the -OH group to depart, its conjugate acid would have to be a strong acid. The conjugate acid for a hydroxyl group is water, which is a weak acid. To get the reaction to occur, 1-butanol would have to be reacted with sulfuric acid to protonate the -OH group. The leaving would then be a water, with a conjugate acid of hydronium (H3O+), which is a very strong acid. The reaction would then follow either the SN1 or SN¬2 mechanism. The SN1 mechanism is characterized by two steps. The first is heterolytic cleavage, where the leaving …show more content…
Then the nucleophile can attack the carbocation to form the final product. The SN¬2 mechanism is characterized by simultaneous attack of the nucleophile and departure of the leaving group. The nucleophile would attack the carbon on the opposite side of the leaving group forcing the bond between the leaving group and carbon to break resulting in the departure of the leaving group. Since the nucleophile will attack from the opposite side, an inversion of stereochemistry is seen. For the reaction of 1-butanol with bromine in the presence of sulfuric acid, the carbon with hydroxyl group contains two hydrogens which are really small atoms, so the molecule can easily undergo the SN¬2 mechanism because there is no steric hindrance preventing the nucleophile to attack from the opposite side of the leaving group. With the mechanism understood, the experimentally was able to be performed by mixing about 5.55 grams of NaBr with 5mL of water and 5mL of 1-butanol and mixed thoroughly. Then the sulfuric acid was mixed slowly into the solution with the flask in an ice bath since the acid-base reaction is exothermic, which generates heat. With the reaction set, the solution was then prepared for
A: The compound that is being oxidized in the luminol synthesis reaction is Na2S2O4, (Sodium Hydrosulfite. Since sodium hydrosulfite is acting as the reducing agent, in this experiment. 2. What is the purpose of acetic acid in the luminol synthesis reaction? How would the amount of the luminol product obtained at the end of the reaction be affected if the number of moles of NaOH added at the beginning of the reaction and the acetic acid added at the end of the reaction added were reversed?
It forms a complex with HBr and extracts it from the aqueous phase into the organic phase where the alkene is. This dehydrates the acid, making it more reactive so that the addition reaction is possible. Rapid stirring is required in order to maximize the surface area
Aims of experiment • Determine the rate constants for hydrolysis of (CH3)3CCl in solvent mixtures of different composition (50/50 V/V isopropanol/water and 40/60 V/V isopropanol/water) • Examine the effect of solvent mixture composition on the rate of hydrolysis of (CH3)3CCl Introduction With t-butyl chloride, (CH3)3CCl, being a tertiary halogenoalkane, it is predicted that (CH3)3CCl reacts with water in a nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN1 mechanism), where Step 1 is the rate-determining step. The reaction proceeds in a manner as shown
The hydrogen removed must be anti to the leaving group. The mechanism of E2 reaction has only one steps, which is displacement of leaving group by removing hydrogen. The rate of the E1 elimination is based on substrate only, while it depends on both substrate and base in E2 elimination. E1 elimination is favored by weak base and ptotic solvents, while E2 is favored by strong base, high concentration of nucleophile and aprotic solvents. The major product of E2 elimination is the more substituent alkene, while the products of E1 elimination are trans-cis alkene and terminal
Benzyne Formation and the Diels-Alder Reaction Preparation of 1,2,3,4 Tetraphenylnaphthalene Aubree Edwards Purpose: 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene is prepared by first producing benzyne via the unstable diazonium salt. Then tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and benzyne undergo a diels-alder reaction to create 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. Reactions: Procedure: The reaction mixture was created. Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.1197g, 0.3113 mmol) a black solid powder, anthranilic acid ( 0.0482g, 0.3516 mmol) a yellowish sand, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1.2 ml) was added to a 5-ml conical vial.
The triphenylmethyl methyl ether is almost pure with only a 0.05 difference in Rf values. Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to create an organic compound by a SN1 reaction. The starting material is triphenylmethyl chloride which reacts with methanol to produce an ether. Methanol is the solvent and nucleophile of the reaction.
The reaction to synthesize benzocaine was known as a Fisher esterification reaction. The Fisher esterification was reaction between alcohol and carboxylic acid in the presence of acid. The reaction was used to form an ester. In the experiment, sulfuric acid acted as a catalyst and necessary for this reaction to occur. There was a change between the –OH group of carboxylic acid to an –OCH2CH3 group in the reaction.
Discussion This experiment done in lab was the Bromination of (E)-Stilbene to produce dibromide stilbene. Though there are three products, the meso-stilbene product is the major product. In order to get theunderstand how to get the correct major product, the full mechanism must be done.
Vacuum filtration was performed on the crude product, then it was recrystallized for purification. Melting point analysis was conducted on the recrystallized product to determine its identity. 3. The three possible mechanisms in this experiment were syn-addition
This synthesis takes place through a 2-step organic reaction. It is also referred to as saponification. Saponification is a special type of hydrolysis which converts an ester into an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. The first step (1) of the hydrolysis, involves the addition of NaOH to methyl salicylate.
The purpose of this experiment is to perform a two step reductive amination using o-vanillin with p-toluidine to synthesize an imine derivative. In this experiment, 0.386 g of o-vanillin and 0.276 g of p-toluidine were mixed into an Erlenmeyer flask. The o-vanillin turned from a green powder to orange layer as it mixed with p-toludine, which was originally a white solid. Ethanol was added as a solvent for this reaction. Sodium borohydride was added in slow portion as the reducing agent, dissolving the precipitate into a yellowish lime solution.
The yellow solution containing the reactants was slowly poured into the beaker containing the cold water and the acid in order to cause the precipitation of the alcohol, 9-fluorenol and to destroy (hydrolyzed) the unreacted excess sodium borohydride. Subsequently, the white precipitate was vacuum filtered and washed twice with 20.0 ml portions of distilled cold water by pouring the liquid into the Buchner Funnel during filtration. It was necessary to wash the alcohol prior to recrystallization considering that the C-OH bond is easily broken by the formation of a stable and benzylic carbocation that favors the synthesis of difluorenyl ether. Finally, before the purification by recrystallization of the obtained product, the white solid alcohol was allowed to dry over a period of a
In nucleophilic substitution reactions, there are two possibilities, either Sn1 or Sn2. In this particular experiment, an Sn2 reaction
It is understood the mechanism is acid-catalyzed where protons coordinate with the carbonyl oxygen to make the carbonyl carbon more electropositive for nucleophilic attack (Scheme 1). In the experimental procedure all reactants were added together, this is inefficient as the protons can coordinate with either trans-cinnamic acid or methanol. Coordination with methanol is unnecessary as it reduces its nucleophilicity and makes less protons available to coordinate with the carboxylic acid. To improve
Scope of the Oxa-Pictet-Spengler reaction for the synthesis of oxazinoindoles ENTRY R1 R2 R3 PRODUCT YIELD DIASTERIOMER RATIO 1 H H Ph 69l 85 >19:1 2 H H CH2OBn 69a 60 >19:1 3 H ----------(CH2)4-----------