The question of investigation for this internal assessment is: “To what extent did the emancipation of the serfs push Russia’s industrial development into a more modern state?” Serfdom was a condition of bondage, where a serf was tied and forced to stay in a particular area. A serf was a peasant who lived under the political system of feudalism, they worked on their landowner’s land, and they were allowed to rent a small patch of land on which they could practice subsistence farming to provide for their own needs. Alexander II recognized that serfdom was a liability to Russia’s development and took actions to try and abolish this feudal system Alexander II published his Emancipation Manifesto in March 1861. The Manifesto had then turned …show more content…
From these issues that occurred it was quite evident that serfdom prevented the growth of Russian industry, obstructing the free flow of labor and restricting enterprise. It also prevented the introduction of modern methods of agriculture, leaving Russia poor and lagging behind the rest of Europe. Defeat in Crimea had shown that the army needed urgent reforms and this was difficult to achieve as long as serfdom survived. Abolition of serfdom was the only way to stop the rising number of peasant revolts as there had been over a thousand since 1800. It was quite evident that serfdom prevented Russia’s growth and development as a country, so it was then on March 3 1861 when Alexander II emancipated the serfs. The emancipation of the serfs had quite an impact on Russia, a positive impact at that, emancipating the serfs proved beneficial for the development of Russia as the Russian economic growth ran at an average of 4.6% between 1861 and 1900 and it continued to speed up during the years. Emancipating the serfs also lead to an increase in commercial farming and had quite a big impact on Russia’s agricultural sector and the changing nature of both the working and middle class lead to an increase in the number of people qualified to take on management roles in factories and industry increasing productivity. Around this time grain was Russia’s most important export, after the emancipation of the serfs there was a 10% increase in grain productivity. After the serfs were emancipated, industrial output increased by 60% and the industrial employment more than doubled as a result of Alexander II emancipating the
Between 1750 and 1914, Western Europe was industrializing. Russian Empire, after their failures in the Crimean War, decided that it was time for reform. As a result, Russia dramatically changed its labor system, such as emancipation of the serfs and industrialization. However, while there were these changes, Russian serfs still saw little change in their quality of life. Serfs were essentially tied to the land and worked without pay.
The Middle Ages were a time where kings and nobles owned the land and serfs worked with little pay. Serfs were like slaves that worked on a farm (Doc. 1). They got one day to farm for themselves and the other six they were working for their king or noble (OI). Nobles and kings had knights called vassals (OI). Vassals were knights who protected and served kings and nobles in exchange for land (OI).
Between the years 1861 and 1914, many Russians thought the treatment of peasants remained unjust despite their emancipation. There were an immense amount of peasants compared to the general population, yet they were treated with very little value. Many thought the peasants should receive education, resolve the conditions of the areas of their residence and receive more rights. Many Russians thought the peasants should receive education to increase their treatment. In a Russian government report, between seventy years of change there was only a nineteen percent increase in literacy rates of the rural population, whereas the general population increased that same nineteen percent in only seventeen years (Doc 12).
The denial of human rights in Ukraine and Cambodia has had huge impacts on regional and international communities. Ukraine was very independent, and Stalin wanted to remove the threat that the Ukrainians were becoming. In Cambodia, Pol Pot attempted to create a utopian Communist agrarian society. When Stalin came into power after Lenin’s death in 1924, the government was struggling to control and unwieldy empire.
Natasha Sazonova and Lana Babij (2015), state that Stalin enforced a program called “agricultural collectivization.” Through this Stalin “forced [Ukrainian] farmer to give up their private land, equipment and livestock, and join state owned, factory-like
Between 1750-1900, indentured servitude became much more popular due to the abolishment of slavery, the willingness of participants, the need for more workers, being able to be paid, and the movement of the world due to the Industrial revolution. Consequences to the popularization of Indentured Servitude were low wages, poor living conditions, and the mass immigration numbers to countries. During the years 1750-1900, the world was evolving to a more mechanical and industrial world compared to its past. But that does not mean agriculture as a whole was eliminated and an industry, people were still needed to work the fields and grow new plants and foods.
RESPONSE PAPER ON ALEXANDER GERSCHENKRON ECONOMIC BACKWARDNESS IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Response paper ALEXANDER GERSCHENKRON, ECONOMIC BACKWARDNESS IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Introduction Gerschenkron in the Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective which focused on how relatively backward economies lagged the economic basics for industrialization. And set out the " Elements of backwardness" and "The States and The Banks; Social Attitudes, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Development", and summarized in "The Approach to European Industrialization”. Central idea of Gerschenkron The central idea of Gerschenkron is encouraging industrial growth.
Russian Serfdom was a system developed by the Russians for free Russian peasants to accept servile status
In 1917, Tsar Nicholas ll is the current ruler of Russia. Russia’s economic growth is increased by the Czar’s reforms of the production of factories. During this era, Russia desperately needed to keep up with the rest of Europe’s industry. This reform worked perfectly, but the working conditions of these factories didn’t charm factory workers. After the events of the Russo-Japanese War, “Bloody Sunday”, and WW1, Russia was in utter chaos under the Czar’s ghastly leadership.
I was born in Russia before the revolution. I was born in Tula province and my name then was not Mikhail, or even Misha, as I am known here in America. No, my real name–the one given to me at birth–was Leonid Sednyov, and I was known as Leonka” (12). His identity is stated clearly and he goes on to state his position in the Ipatiev House, “What I wish to confess is that I was the kitchen boy in the Ipatiev house where the Tsar and Tsaritsa, Nikolai and Aleksandra, were imprisoned” (12). It is made unmistakably evident that he worked as a kitchen boy in the Ipatiev House.
Nobel Prize winning economist, F.A. Hayek, in his book The Road to Serfdom, published in 1944 addresses the topic of the rise of socialism in the West, and argues that it must be stopped to keep the United States, United Kingdom, and other Western democracies from ending up like Nazi Germany. Hayek argues that many of the same developments and thought processes that opened the door for totalitarian socialism, be it “Right” National Socialism or fascism in Germany and Italy, or “Left” Stalinist communism in the Soviet Union can be seen in the West, but they are developing much slower and can still be reversed. He says that desire for economic collectivism, has risen in the West but its effects can be seen in these centralized totalitarian
The Russian Revolution is a governmental overthrow of a ruling that took place in the early twentieth century. Prior to the revolution, Russia was ruled by Czar Nicholas II who was a part of the last reigning Russian monarch, the Tsar. The Tsar had complete power in Russia as he owned much of the land, commanded the army, and controlled the church. During the reign of the Tsar, the Russian citizens were treated badly and unfair. They experienced vigorous labor in dangerous conditions for little pay and were without food and money countless times.
There was lots of cruel treatment towards the peasants of the society. The working conditions in Russian were very poor. The city laborers experiences terrible service in the industrial economic system. The discontent of the proletarian lot was further expounded by lack of food, and many military failures. The army structure saw no reason to be loyal to Czar Nicholas II anymore.
The Russian Revolution, which was started by Lenin and his followers, was a rebellion that occurred in 1917 which forced higher powers to act to the needs of the lower class. For instance, many citizens were worried for their protection in consequence to the lack of survival necessities due to an early drought. Furthermore, their current czar during the time was incapable for his position as a czar and made horrendous decisions as czar. For example, when the czar, Nicholas, entered in World War I, he sent untrained troops into countless battles of failure which costed in mass amounts of lost life (paragraph 23).
Child labor was a great problem in the Industrial Revolution. Factory owners usually hired women and children rather than men. They said that men expected higher wages, and they suspected that they were more likely to rebel against the company. Women and children were forced to work from six in the morning to seven at night, and this was when they were not so busy. They were forced to arrive on time and they couldn’t fall behind with their work because if they did they were whipped and punished.