External validation seems to be a fairly straightforward concept, one in which the average human being seeks validation from others in most aspects of life. However, what adds complexity to this mental model is the mere fact of how unaware we have become as a society of the role external validation has come to play in our lives, through not only social media but the overall consumption of mass media. By juxtaposing and analyzing the works of Habermas, Shudson, and Silverstone we can come to see the roles the public sphere and the evolution of mass media have come to play in fostering this external validation we seek as individuals.
In his book Habermas and the Public Sphere, Habermas discusses the origins of the public sphere dating back
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Shudson sees conversation as un-democratic due to the limited accessibility provided in group settings for everyone to freely participate and partake in conversation. He strongly advocates and offers as an alternative smaller conversation since in large gatherings he feels as though rules of engagement must be implemented to insure participation. Shudson also shuts down Habermas’s fascination with clubs and coffee houses by stating, “Sociable talk takes place among social equals, not necessarily intimates, in clubs and coffee houses. Where democratic conversation takes place is more difficult to pin down” (Shudson 306). Thus, for Shudson democratic conversation does not lie in the mere gathering of intellectuals but rather it is fostered “in settings where talk is bound to be uncomfortable” (Shudson 306). These feelings of uneasiness and discomfort are the principle reasons why we are taught from an early age to avoid topics such as politics and religion due to the risk of offending someone else point of view yet Shudson may argue this hindrance has yielded a lack of public democratic
In chapter 9, Brooks introduces Samuel Johnson through a brief biography of his distressing life. Johnson’s life is seemingly one of hardship from the beginning as he is the son of an “unsuccessful bookseller” and “uneducated mother” (p 213). More so, he is described as a “frail infant,” one who was infected with tuberculosis by the wet nurses’ milk. Brooks subsequently discusses Johnson’s appearance, “ugly and scarred” (ibid), as a result of the small pox he developed. Eventually, Johnson becomes a Christian at Oxford (p 215), where he “emphasized that worldly pursuits fail to fill the heart” (ibid).
However, instinct originates from the thinker’s social milieu and the information they have absorbed over time; hence, people often share similar or identical political views with their families due to their environment conditioning their facts and reason to align with certain specific ideals and views. With much dispute over factual reality versus instinctive feeling as of the recent election season, a firm understanding based in logical reason between two opposing viewpoints has the potential to powerfully and intellectually plant the seed of rationality and civil discourse in the minds of citizens. Discourse places the protester in a position of social power; their nonviolent education of a curious onlooker can both display the ignorance of opponents and attest to the validity of the protesters point
You must be welcoming to all ideas, and not just confide under one. This disrupt eventually lead to John Locke telling people that the government did not protect natural rights of life, liberty and property – which ultimately affected their views on their politicians. People were no longer believing in the monarchy, and that their government should not be controlled by any one individual. “ Therein let us bury, and forever, the dreams in which we once fondly trusted.” (Document 4), a man said as things began to take a turn.
In 2013 more than 50.000 children and young people were on a child protection registers or subjects to a child protection plain in the uk ( nspcc 2014) The HM government document working together to safeguard children 2010. A wide range of legislation, statutory guidance, policies and procedures support the safely and welfare of children and young people. This includes policies relating to health and wellbeing, safety and security, personal care and individual rights.
With the ever growing, rapid progression of technology, the world has experienced a surge of new, bright and gratifying information right at their fingertips. With this surge of accessible information comes a major pitfall, so wisely predicted by Neil Postman in the forward of Amusing Ourselves to Death. This downfall is the reality of the world’s useless information overload. While the increase of rapidly acquired knowledge may seem like a good idea on the surface, the danger lies in the gluttonous overconsumption of unimportant facts that continue to dull our senses and eliminate our true understanding of our surrounding environment. Our view of the world is highly influenced by things and people who surround us.
Society expect to be constantly entertained; they have become so concerned with things such as who the latest star is dating, scandals, or dumb people doing rather idiotic things. Much of society have been consumed in their personal instant gratification and what makes them “happy”. When on an off chance that news does show things that are serious and impactful(not necessarily positive things that is happening in the world) people have become so numb that the best they could do is feel sympathetic and at worst continue on with their day. The other part of the problem is that those behind what is being published and shown on the news media have been absorbed in their avarice nature, whatever allows them to make as much profit they do. “Writing thousands of hours of coverage from what could have been summarized in a couple of minutes every few weeks, a new rhetorical strategy was developed, or-let’s be generous-evolved”(6), Saunders describes the new formula formed by mass news firms that would yield the most profit.
If people have no place to voice their will or take part in deciding their own destiny, the community might grow disinterested and passive in their relationship with their government. Mill believes this is problematic for society because history, as he sees it, has shown that more democratic societies have more ‘energetic, and ‘developed’ societies as well as more ‘go ahead characters’ not seen in more totalitarian societies. Yet, this criticism might fail to cover a deeper problem of disinterest; it might lead to a level of moral deficiency as well. Mill fears that a loss of ability and activity, leads to a society losing its sense of communal responsibility and social justice. In their aloofness, people might be less inclined to believe that they have any responsibility to society since society has ceased to have any rights or purpose under absolute authority.
In The views of The Birmingham School, media culture induces individuals to conform to the established organization of society but it also lends resources that can empower individual against that society. (Kellner, D (1995)) In conclusion, calling attention to mass media, cultural studies relates to how the audience can decode the messages put forward by the media. More specifically in relation to their individual socio and economic background. This in turn can lead to the rejection of the dominant ideology.
The history of the human race has been raised on dispute and conflict. Humans are capable of higher thinking, which gives them the ability to decide whether something is right or wrong. Opinions are based upon many circumstances, such as one’s knowledge, awareness, and experience. Although elder members of society are known to be conservative or antiquated in their ideology, they still maintain the right to think freely and express their own opinions. Recently, there has been a rise in the advocacy of social justice amongst a younger generation in which the ludicrous amount of pressure for the public to think in a politically correct manner is being popularized.
In today's society, the balance between individualism and conformity to society's expectations is a prominent and deceptive conflict. Oftentimes, the individual must put his uniqueness aside and settle for a view of an occupation, hobby, or idea that society agrees with. Instead of expressing original and creative ideas, they are held hostage by comparing themselves with the lives and accomplishments of others and the standards their our society. One of the biggest tools of society, social media, allows people to share ideas and interests with everyone. However, naturally, one will only post what he knows others will accept and enjoy just as he does.
The wellsprings of the media picked are unmistakable. As Jay Blumler brings up in his book The Use of Mass Communication, where he asserts that studies have demonstrated that crowd satisfactions can be gotten from no less than three particular sources: media content, introduction to the media in essence, and social connection that encapsulates the circumstance of presentation to various media (Blumler 1974). It is clear that groups of viewers invest energy utilizing the media as a part of different ways. Whether they are killing time or utilizing it as a social instrument, every medium is novel in its motivation.
For years people have played the “blame game” with media and its effects on society. It has been questioned whether the media helps or hurts more in its overall impacts. The media consists of magazines, advertisements, TV shows, and social pages such as Instagram, SnapChat, Twitter, and Facebook, all in which society seems to be addicted to. The real question is, is having all of these sources of media positively or negatively affecting society? Some people blame the media for harming society by causing eating disorders and a low self esteem.
Media are platforms of mass communication that can be categorized as either new of traditional media, with new media being forms of communication that make use of technologies such as the Internet, and traditional media being more conventional forms of media such as newspapers. Media, primarily new media, is getting more popular and influential, especially in today’s day and age since we are exposed to it a lot more than in the past and also since media is more easily accessible now. The media can shape our behaviours, perceptions and opinions, and it is important to know how people are influenced and impacted by it. The media can influence someone’s perception of social reality, or perceptions of beauty or even influence people’s behaviours and habits and therefore, the media does shape who we are. One way that the media can shape who we are is by influencing our perception of social reality.
Conversation analysis owes a supreme role in the real world as people can 't live without interaction. Conversation is a means of communication with other people with different purposes: social, official , medical, and commercial modes of life. Wang (2011: 76 ) states that “conversation analysis tries to discover, describe, and analyze structures of various, naturally occurring, interactional phenomena”, therefore, the analysis functions on how conversation participates to simplify things in daily life. Conversation analysis was introduced by Emmanuel Schegloff, Harvey Sacks and Gail Jefferson in the early of 1970s and was inspired by Ethno methodology. It has now become an established force in sociology, anthropology, linguistics, speech-communication and psychology.
As individuals turn out to be more aware about what is really going on, and taking about it through developing media sources and presenting themselves to a wide range of sources of mass media, the individual can discover reality and frame his or her own particular taught assessment, and American culture holds this as an essential factor in the general population 's regular daily existences. We feel as though we are not really controlled by the media, but rather individuals responsible for our nation, and rising media has made this