3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Biosynthesis and Characterization of FeMPn
The addition of the M. pruriens seed extract to ferric (III) chloride solution produced an instantaneous colour change in the solution from brown to intense black, indicating the formation of magnetite nanoparticles. The process of the formation of FeMPn suspension occurred when the solution had been supersaturated which triggered the formation of the sol and formed magnetite nanoparticles.
The SEM images (Fig. 2) showed that FeMPn has a non-homogeneous and uneven surface, as well as the size of FeMPn that tended to vary due to aggregation. However, based on TEM image (Fig. 3), FeMPn has spherical in shape with the smallest particle of 30.5 nm. A non-homogeneous of
…show more content…
pruriens seed extract and FeMPn were characterized with FTIR to determine the biomolecules contained in the extract that involved in the reaction to form FeMPn. The FTIR spectra of the extract and FeMPn are shown in Fig. 5. The FTIR spectrum of the extract showed a broad absorption band in an absorbance area of 3384.8 cm-1 that assigned to the overlapping of O-H stretching vibration of flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, alcohols or water and N-H stretching vibration of amine compounds, due to the hydrogen bonding. The absorption band at 1627.8 cm-1 referred to C=C stretching vibration which is possible to be derived from aromatic ring in amino acid, while the absorption band in 1529.4 cm-1 referred to N-H bending vibration of amine which is possible to be derived from the L-dopa. An intense enough absorption band at absorbance area of 1400.2 cm-1 referred to C-H bending vibration of sp2 carbon, which is possible to be derived from the aromatic ring of amino acid. The weaker absorption band at 1288.4 cm-1 corresponded to =C-O stretching vibration of aromatic compounds, and the absorption band at 1074.3-1118.6 cm-1 referred to C-O stretching vibration of amino …show more content…
The mass reduction at 140 ºC and an endothermic peak at 123.8 ºC on the TGA/DTA curve of the extract assigned to the evaporation of water, while on FeMPn the mass reduction observed under 100 ºC and an endothermic peak emerged at 96.17 ºC. The mass reduction and endothermic peaks also emerged at 200-300 ºC and above 300 ºC on the TGA/DTA curve of the extract and FeMPn respectively indicated the evaporation of some organic molecules. The broad exothermic peak at 280 ºC on the TGA/DTA curve of FeMPn indicated the bond breaking of L-dopa with magnetite nanoparticles. At a temperature of 550 ºC, the total mass of the extract remained was 38.37%, while it was 48.70% for FeMPn. From these results, it could be concluded that the addition of Fe to the extract impacted on the thermal stability that made FeMPn has a better thermal stability than the extract
Many sources of error were responsible for recovering a small amount of product. Introduction: The carbon-carbon bond formation is an important tool in organic chemistry to construct the simple as well as an organic compound. There are several
While the solution dissolved, 50 mL of distilled water was added to a 150 mL beaker and heated on the hot plate. When the solution started to boil 2.65 grams of Na2SiO3*5H2O was added to the beaker with a stir bar and heated to a gentle boil. When both solutions began to boil, the sodium silicate solution was slowly added to the sodium aluminate. The solution was kept at 900C for 60 minutes and stirred with stir bar. After 60 minutes, the zeolite solution was cooled for 5 minutes and for the magnetized zeolite , 0.78 grams of FeCl3 and 0.39 grams of FeSO4*7H2O was added to the flask and stirred until the iron parts dissolved.
As different bonds require different amounts of energy to bend and stretch, they absorb and transmit different amounts of radiation. This data is then collected by the spectrometer and transposed into graph form. The different amounts of absorbance for various functional groups and types of bonds have been established and can be used to identify compounds. Also, an IR spectrum can be compared to known “fingerprint” spectra in order to identify the compound. When compared to the fingerprint spectrum for 1-bromobutane found in Experimental Organic Chemistry, the IR spectrum collected from the data was very similar.
Based on this lab, FTIR spectroscopy affirmed functional groups present in Unknown 30A because it revealed specific transmittance bands for those functional
In this lab, three unknown compounds were separated from a mixture and identified by melting point. Unknown mixture #124 has components of acid, base and neutral compound. The compounds were identified by melting point and matched up with the known melting points from a given list. In order to identify the compound it was important to separate by dissolving the mixture in an organic solvent which was not soluble in water, and then extracting the solution first with HCl, and then dilute sodium hydroxide solution. From the separation mixture, the aqueous layer were obtained and labeled as TT-1 (base), TT-2(acid) and TT-3 (neutral) in three different test tubes for later recovery.
accordingly, we did not have to test for Ag+ since no precipitate formed and skipped the entire process for Ag+. carrying on to the next step we had to test for iron. Before we can start testing for iron. I had to prepare the solution, preparing the solution contained taking the supernate that we made from group one and adding the following; NH4Cl, NH3, water and (NH4)S to the solution along with adding
Four atoms of iron combine with 3 atoms of oxygen to yield two atoms of ferric (iron) oxide. Ferric oxide is formed when iron is oxidized at low temperatures. The ferric oxide is distinguished by its red color. Combined with other substances it is used as a color in paint. Note that the oxygen has now combined with the iron.
These molecules were found to have a spheroidal geometry similar to that of Buckminster Fuller’s
A volatile liquid can be easily converted to its gaseous state, the gas that forms from vaporization is known as vapor and it is assumed to behave as an ideal gas. One of the properties that characterize a volatile liquid is determination of its molar mass. Dumas method also known as the vapor density method uses the vapor density of the unknown volatile liquid in determining its molar mass. The major assumptions of these methods are the substance behaves ideally. The molar mass of a volatile liquid can be obtained by measuring the temperature, pressure, mass, and volume in a gaseous state.
Lone Pairs ADI Lone pairs, the electrons that the central atom does not share during a covalent bond, can and will affect the shape of a molecule in various ways. During this lab, the goal was to answer the guiding question of, “How does the number of lone pairs affect the shape of the molecule?” Answering this question served to cement in those participating in the lab an understanding of the affect a central atom’s number of lone pairs will have on the shape of the molecule, and be able to identify a pattern of molecular shapes and their central atom’s lone pairs. We conducted this lab by first experimenting with 3-D molecular structures on a website, becoming familiar with the geometry of molecules and what exactly lone pairs were.
Consequently, the Ho’ and Hm’ of TPP showed multiple peak resonances at δ 8.20 and δ 7.79. The sulphonation of TPP was observed in the 1H-NMR spectrum of TSPP as shown in Figure 4.2, which displayed changes in the multiplet peaks to a doublet at Ho’ (8.20 ppm) and Hm’ (8.06 ppm). The substitution of sulphonate (SO3-) in the phenyl ring caused the coupling of neighbouring protons which improved the symmetrical environment of Ho’ and Hm’ giving rise to the doublet peak resonances. The 1H-NMR data of TPP and TSPP are tabulated in Table 4.1. Changes in the peak resonances demonstrated that sulphonation of TPP had occurred at meso-position of the TPP.
Figure 1- Con Decon Process 4 The following equations[4] show some of the chemical reactions involved in magnetite dissolution. The study was carried out by making an oxide covered disk the working electrode in an
3. Results The preliminary phytochemical screening of the roots of P. zeylanica showed the presence of sugars, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, phenols, and tannins (Table 11). Alkaloid was seen in ethyl acetate and methanol extracts while terpenoid was noticed only in the chloroform extract. Flavonoid was present only in the methanol extract.
Spectrophotometric techniques UV spectrophotometric estimation of DOX is possible due to the presence of polyhydroxyanthraquinone chromophoric group on the 7,8,9,10-tetrahydronaphthacene skeleton. The drug when dissolved in ethanol (95%) shows characteristic peaks at 234 nm, 252 nm, 288 nm, 475 nm and at 530 nm (I.P 2014). Cia and coworkers reported the estimation of entrapment efficiency and drug loading capacity of polybutylcyanoacrylate magnetic loaded DOX nanoparticles (Cai et al., 2009). 2.10.2. Chromatographic
GC/MS analysis was detected the 9 compounds in catnip essential oil, which included sabinene, β-Pinene, Z-β-ocimene, E-β-ocimene, trans-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and three isomers of iridoid nepetalactone. These compounds were composed 99.3 % of the essential oil components. The nepetalactone isomers were included (4a-α,7-α,7a-α)-nepetalactone (6.25 – 16.83 %), (4a-α,7-α,7a-β)-nepetalactone (85.41 - 71.4 %) and (4a-α,7-β,7a-α)-nepetalactone (4.96 - 7.24 %). These isomers were the major constituents of essential oil in fresh and dried catnip and the amount of (4a-α, 7-α, 7a-β) -nepetalactone was predominated. Results showed drying methods had a significant (p < 0.01) effect on the essential oil content and its components (Table 1).