Annabelle Wintson Bower History 8A March 12, 2018 Title Although the slavery was abolished in 1865, the rights given to African Americans were not nearly equal to those of white Americans. After slavery was abolished, inequality in American society ran high, and many laws were put in place to restrict the rights and abilities of African Americans. Some laws include the Jim Crow Laws (1870 to 1950s) and the Supreme Court Ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that ruled that there could be “separate but equal” facilities and services for people of color and white Americans. These policies and laws were unfair and discriminatory towards people of color and change was desperately needed. The Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955 to 1965 pushed the Civil …show more content…
History, but is was longest. Prior to the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Reverend T.J. Jemison lead a bus boycott in Baton Rouge, but it lasted only two weeks. In addition to the boycott in Baton Rouge, there were more bus boycotts, but they did not last long enough to make an impact. Many people had an impact on the movement before the Boycott 1955 such as Jackie Robinson, Emmett Till, and Harry Truman, who all either supported the Civil Rights Movement or were victimized by the harsh ways of racists. Also, leading up to the Montgomery Bus Boycott, many things sparked anger and frustration in African Americans such as widespread inequality, and extreme …show more content…
With King as the new leader of the NAACP, he spoke with other leaders on the community, crafted a plan for the boycott and created a flyer to the spread the word. The flyer stated, “Don 't ride the bus to work, to town, to school, or any place Monday, December 5. Another Negro woman has been arrested and put in jail because she refused to give up her bus seat. Don 't ride the buses to work, to town, to school, or anywhere on Monday. If you work, take a cab, or share a ride or walk. Come to a mass meeting, Monday at 7:00 P.M., at the Holt Street Baptist Church for further instruction.” Due to the fact that over seventy-five percent of bus riders were African Americans, the bus company lost over $750,000: over seven million dollars today. Many African Americans carpooled or walked when they needed to travel. The participaters in the boycott persisted though peaceful protesting, demonstrating the power peaceful protests had. Eventually, King had come up with three things that he would show to the city commissioners, “the black citizens of the city would not return to the buses until: courteous treatment by the bus operators was guaranteed; passengers were seated on a first-come, first-served basis; and black bus operators were employed on predominantly black routes.” King promised that the
On the night that Rosa Parks was captured, E.D. Nixon, leader of the nearby section of the NAACP, started shaping arrangements to sort out a blacklist of Montgomery 's city transports. Advertisements were put in nearby papers, and handbills were printed and dispersed in dark neighborhoods. Individuals from the African-American group were requested that stay off city transports on Monday, December 5, 1955—the day of Rosa 's trial—in dissent of her capture. Individuals were urged to stay home from work or school, take a taxicab or stroll to work. With the greater part of the African-American group not riding the transport, coordinators trusted a more drawn out blacklist may be effective.
E.D. Nixon, the president of the local NAACP president, used Park’s arrest to form a boycott against the second-class treatment of African Americans by the Montgomery public transportation system. 75% of bus riders were black so the city would have to pay attention to this. Just one day after the arrest, flyers crowded the streets of that Alabama town calling for all to walk to where they wanted to go on Monday, December 5th instead of riding a bus. Martin Luther King Jr. and Ralph Abernathy, reverends of the two most populous African American churches, were called upon to help with the boycott. Hesitant at first, they both ultimately decided to participate and decided that until the busses were no segregated, the boycott would continue.
Dr. Martin Luther King JR. On April 4, 1968, an American clergyman and civil rights leader was shot at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. The man was Dr. Martin Luther King JR. An examination of primary and secondary sources will reveal the significance of this key event in American history.
The story of the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956) was a signified justice and segregation. It described a story of negros, who would be segregated on buses until the day of segregation would finally be abolished by justice. I began when a courageous, determined women decided to stand up for what’s was right. Parks was tired of being disrespected, just like all of the blacks abroading the buses. The buses were based on the Jim Crow laws, which stated: “If there weren’t many people on the bus, there should be some separation between the end of the white row and the beginning of the colored.”
According to Jo Ann Robinson's memoir, “The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It (excerpts), 1987” Robinson and some students created leaflets to boycott the buses on a Monday. She said they planned out routes and spread the word to distribute the leaflets. Inside those leaflets it explained why they should not ride the
Often referred to as the spark that lit the fire and the mother of the movement (African American Almanac), Rosa Parks’ refusal to give up her seat to a white man and her subsequent arrest inspired the Montgomery Bus Boycott—one of the longest boycotts in history that is “regarded to as the first large-scale demonstration against segregation in the U.S.” (history.com). Spanning just over 380 days, the city-wide boycott of public buses by African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama was initiated by Parks’ run-in with the South’s Jim Crow laws. Upon returning home from her job at a local department store, the “white section” on the bus had become too full, leading to Parks and three other African American passengers being asked to leave the front row of the “colored section” and move further back into the bus.
Martin Luther King struggle can be construed as an advocacy for a good society. I say this because according to Merriam Webster dictionary, advocacy means the act or process of supporting a cause or proposal (Merriam Webster). During Martin Luther King’s life, he supported a major cause in the African American society which was the Civil Rights movement. Dr. Martin Luther King made many recommendations for a policy to be passed to stop institutionalized racism. Martin Luther King goal was to raise the public consciousness of racism.
It caused further segregation throughout the country. As blacks began to speak out for freedom and equality, whites pushed back. Rather than listening to the speeches of black leaders in order to understand their plight for equality, whites ignored peaceful protests and instead used police force to subdue large crowds. The Montgomery bus boycott succeeded in ending the ordinance for the segregation between blacks and whites on public buses. However, it further segregated the social interactions between the two races.
The Mongomery Bus Boycott, which took place on December 5, 1956 and lasted until December 20, 1956. What this exactly was is when African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating. The most prominant name of this time that made the boycott what it is today is Rosa Parks. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, refused to give up her seat to a white man while on a Montgomery bus. Thus, resulting in her getting arrested and fined.
The Montgomery bus company had made a serious mistake. They depended on the fares paid by about 40,000 blacks. They could not possibly survive on the support from the estimated 12,000 white folks who used the bus service This bus incident became known as the Montgomery bus boycott.
The Montgomery Bus Boycott took place in the city Montgomery in Alabama. It was from December,1955 until it ended on December 20th in 1956, so this means that this boycott lasted for more than 380 days. After years and years of being treated like a second hand citizen, Rosa Parks, an African American lady, finally had enough so she refused to give up her seat to a white man which was considered a crime back then, and so she got arrested and fined $10 for that. Black, and some white people, participated in this boycott by refusing to use any of Montgomery’s public buses after Rosa’s arrest as a sign of protest against the segregation of white and black people.
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was an event that changed the world in 1955 and is currently still changing it. People were sick of the statement ‘separate but equal’ as it was never lived up to and was used as an excuse against the blacks civil rights. One woman called Rosa Parks, an African American, who didn 't give her seat up on the fifth row of the bus was all it took for the non-violent event of the bus boycott to start four days later and a the history we know today to be formed.
Martin Luther King is further demonstration that civil disobedience is a valuable mechanism to evolution. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks, who was detained for refusing to give up her seat on the bus to a white woman. The boycott was a 13 month mass protest orchestrated by Dr. King and MIA (Montgomery Improvement Association) in Montgomery, Alabama. For months, African-Americans were urged to refrain from riding on the bus until it was declared that segregation on the bus was unconstitutional. Dr. King and MIA created a list of demands which included; “courteous treatment by bus operators; first-come, first-served seating for all, with blacks seating from the rear and whites from the front; and black bus operators on predominately black routes” (King Encyclopedia of Stanford).
Montgomery Boycott The theme of the “Montgomery Boycott” is standing up for what you believe in. Rosa parks does not think of what could happen to her for disobeying the law. When rosa parks does not give up her spot she get arrested which causes this “ I feel it 's time to boycott the buses it 's the only way to show the white folk we will not take this thing any longer”(224). By the black community to finally say “ no more” they will stand up for what they believe in and not take this cruelty anymore. By boycotting the buses the reader realises they are serious about what they believe in.
King maintained a policy of not publicly being a political party or candidate. He stated “I feel someone must remain in the position of non-alignment, so that he can look objectively at both and be the conscience of both…” (King). In 1955, he was to serve as a spokesman for the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a campaign by the African- American population which was to force the city’s bus lines. The Boycott took 382 days of walking miles to each individual walking to their own destination They were to not listen; but to act upon. 50,000 plus African-Americans and others were present in Montgomery.