Groom HC et al. (2014) sought to determine whether there are differences between blacks and whites in influenza vaccine-seeking behavior. It is a problem because patient initiative in seeking out influenza vaccination may be an important aspect to consider when evaluating racial/ethnic disparities in influenza vaccination among adults. Research questions that the authors investigated is whether the proportion of vaccinated person 65 years and older who sought out influenza vaccination varies by race, and whether any relationship between attitudes toward influenza vaccination and vaccine seeking. The target population is adults 65 years and older. They used probability sample design because they analyzed a national sample 3138 adults …show more content…
It is a description of the operations that will be undertaken in measuring the construct. The authors have operationalized the measure appropriately. For instance, to measure the influenza vaccination coverage, they developed the empirical measure by using self-report (Have you received influenza vaccination in the past year?) then they used nominal measurement (Yes or No). The authors also conceptualized, identified the constructs, identified the indicators, developed the empirical measures clearly. The methods they used are open that we can identify the concept, constructs, and measures from the study. Therefore, I believe I would be able to replicate the study myself. In addition, we need to know data structure to tell …show more content…
One aspect of public health research method that I learned is that measurement is central to quantitative research because it provides the fundamental connection between empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships. I also learned that the goals and techniques associated with probability samples differ from those of nonprobability samples. If we want to get results that are valid for the whole study population, we should know how to draw a sample in such a way that it is representative of that population. But it is not necessarily that nonprobability samples are not representative of the population. It means that nonprobability samples cannot depend upon the rationale of probability
Background In 2012, British Colombia became the first province in Canada to institute a mandatory flu shot policy. According to the regulation, health-care workers (HCW) in BC province “either get the flu vaccine each year, or wear masks at work during the flu season, which may last approximately four months”. [1] Under this policy, anyone who does not abide by it will face discipline actions or even possible termination. Since then, there have been intensive debates around this policy.
The purpose of the Flu Shot Administration is to provide a community with a free comprehensive health care service that will prevent them for seasonal illness. We were able to decode the demographics of Thornton City in zip code 80229 to identified key activities and the team was able to specify the skill sets needed of each individual. After reviewing the Work Breakdown Structure, it was determined that we have allocated enough people to carry out the goals and objectives of our project. One of the major tools in our project that we needed to manage carefully is allocating resources.
During the end of World War 1, a virulent strain of influenza, publicly known as the Spanish flu spread throughout the world. Over 4% of the population had been wiped out due to the severity of it. During this time era, there were no effective drugs or vaccines discovered to treat the flu and social and geopolitical conditions were extremely subpar. The war had used most of societies health resources leaving the population at risk. Along with these conditions, there were mutations in this strain of flu that made it hard for the immune system to prevail and pneumonia was the fatal factor.
Soon, the epidemic arrived in Chicago. On August 28, 1918, reports of the increased death rate in Massachusetts were reported in Chicago newspapers, warning citizens of the potential risk of the epidemic reaching them. Nationwide, military camps suffered mass outbreaks throughout September, and yet, the Chicago Tribune printed reassuring news stories that suggested the flu was under control. On September 8, 1918, the virus took its first victims of the city: sailors at the Great Lakes Naval Training Station.
Controlling the spread of infectious diseases through immunization is one of medicine 's most significant accomplishments. Vaccination programs are proven to be a cost-effective means of disease prevention that have saved millions from death. Medical providers play an important role in the promotion of vaccinations; they can promote vaccination by following the standards for Adult Immunization Practice which include a four-step process: ♦ Assess immunization of all patients at every clinical encounter. ♦ Strongly recommend to patients the vaccines that they need.
Methodology: They conducted the research by implementing
The 1918 was a time of war within our world, but along with the war between man verses man there were also a war between man and a deadly disease known as the flu also known as the Influenza. Influenza is a common viral infection that can be deadly, especially in high risk groups. With the world already filled with fear the influenza became a terrorist within our world causing fear to grow within the hearts of the people of Earth. As time went on,more lives were loss, a vaccine was later found to reduce the chance of getting this disease. A vaccine is a dead or weakened sample of a disease that is injected into a person so if they happen to come across that disease their body will be able to identify it as well as destroy the bacteria or virus.
The article provided no detail on how the studies were done, it only included the conclusions. C) The article does not say how many subjects were in the studies that universities conducted. It is unsure whether the studies from the universities can be valid. I would assume the populations that were used in the studies were college students.
The diversity in the United States continues to grow, increasing the demand of creating more cultural competent programs. Health outcomes are addressed by race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. In research. race and ethnicity are potential predictors for a particular outcome. There is need for more research studies in order to provide an understanding of the different needs among ethnic minority groups.
It is important for all people to be vaccinated to protect themselves from contracting communicable diseases, from spreading these diseases, and from the high cost of treating these preventable diseases. It would make sense to do so. No one wants to contract diseases, or be laid up if they can prevent it. Getting vaccinated will prevent anyone from spreading contracted diseases to others. It can also be very costly when trying to treating a communicable disease that could have been prevented with a vaccine.
Vaccination against influenza is the most important intervention used by public health to prevent unnecessary hospitalization and death among high risk populations. In order to create a program one must understand the target group. Therefore, the study would be conducted on the group of people who are particularly at high risk of getting the flu or those who are less likely to receive medical care. Questions would be asked to determine their greatest needs and what can be done to improve the health of the community. To understand the needs of these individuals, a discussion will take place with community and social service staff that work directly with the high risk populations.
Influenza season is here again so it is time for everybody to add getting a flu shot to their “to-do” list. It is recommended for everyone to get flu shot from ages 6 months and older (McCarthy 1). It is the obligation of healthcare works and their employers to promote influenza vaccinations to patients and is an annual requirement for the workers as well (Lynkowski 1). Winter season is time for healthcare workers to get in line, roll up their sleeves and consent to treatment for a flu shot. For the hospital, their goal is to get all employees vaccinated, especially those who have direct contact with patients which brings up a number of ethical issues arising from the attempts to implement mandatory flu shots (Dubov 2530).
Other example for the Operationalization that the concept into the variables use the deflation come up with a prices very of measure the concept, you theory talks about. Specific condition of variables case, deficit and theory that you are using in your empirical test. For example employment or number of people out of work and looking. Identifying the international wars: the inclusion and exclusion problems. and criteria for inclusion in the study.
As Mishler (1990) stated no study conforms exactly to a customary methodology; each one calls for the researcher to mix the methodology to the individual setting. 3.1 RESEARCH AIMS The aims of the study are outlined
The illness initially was nicknamed swine influenza in light of the fact that the virus that causes the infection initially hoped to people from the live pigs in which it evolved. The virus is a "reassortant"- a mix of qualities from swine, fowl, and human influenza viruses. Researchers are even now contending about what the virus ought to be called, yet most individuals know it as the H1n1 swine influenza virus. The swine influenza viruses that typically spread among pigs aren't the same as human influenza viruses. Swine influenza doesn't frequently taint individuals, and the uncommon human cases that have happened in the past have mostly influenced individuals who had immediate contact with pigs.