Jung’s (1923) idea about extroversion-introversion was the starting point for more scientific investigation in the personality traits domain in the early twentieth century. Jung proposed the “duality” in human personality. He distinguished two schools of thought in philosophy, namely idealists and realists and claimed that idealist consider the subject of perception as a base for knowledge while realists believe that the object of perception is the base of knowledge. Having studied the background of these schools of thought, Jung claimed that a comprise exists between philosophy and psychology in which realists are more extroverts while idealists are more introverts. He further differentiated these two distinctions by characteristics that identify …show more content…
Factor analysis of the data led him to conclude that people can be divided into two groups of neurotic and normal. Later, Eysenck (1970) expended these two factors into five: extroversion-introversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. With regard to his model, Griffiths (1991) claims that Eysenck’s model is favored amongst other possible models because it includes a well-defined classification in an unambiguous framework. In addition, it entails a theory that has produced an ample amount of research most of which have been supportive. Moreover, the instrument that is used to measure the model’s factors has been standardized in 35 different countries, some of which are located in Asia such as Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong, and India. He considers the hierarchic arrangement of behavior as the essence of Eysenck’s model that result in concepts of extroversion-introversion, psychotism-normality, and neuroticism-stability. Eysenck and Eysenck (1985) have claimed sufficient validity for Eysenck’s model; high test-retest reliability has been reported for this model (Griffiths,1991) that lends itself to the appropriateness of this model. On the other hand, Plomin (1976) criticized Eysenck’s theory and considered impulsivity and sociability as traits in their own …show more content…
Thus, it is possible to anticipate an individual’s behavior in a given situation by knowledge of his/her personality. However, some psychologists like Mischel (1969) questioned the consistency of personality traits. He claimed that personality traits are not sufficient predictors of behavior in different situations. In spite of some disagreements on the consistency of behaviors and the capability of personality traits to determine them, it is generally accepted that traits are indicators of behavior. Farahani (1998) believes that four principles make up the cornerstones of trait theory of personality: 1) certain definite attributes or traits make up personality. 2) These trace are general to all people with a difference in their degree and extent. 3) Traits can be measured by identifying and examining the behavior that indicates them. 4) Personality is mainly determined biologically. According to Brunas-Wagstaff (1998), trait approach to personality assumes that personality traits are
It also shows that our traits score can also lie between the two personality
After taking the Jung Typology test and looking over the Career Indicator I learned an immense amount of what all I am interested in and what I would be good at doing in life. My results that I received after taking the Jung Typology test was that I tend to be more of a guardian. Personally. I both agree and disagree with the results that I got back after taking the online test. Using the results that I received I will now look into different career paths that I have never thought about looking into before.
1. Personality- individual differences in characteristic 2. Psychodynamic theories- views that defends personality of conscious and unconscious 3. Psychoanalysis-
The textbook discusses multiple different types of assessments; some of these include a self-report measure, informant reports, and by measuring behavior. Self-reports are usually manifested in questionnaires where an individual is asked to assess their own personality by ranking themselves based on statements or adjectives. On the other hand, informant reports come from people involved in the individual’s life. These usually work best for undesirable traits because an individual may not be aware of these traits or may not want to report that he possesses the traits. Measuring behavior is done through means of observation much like what is done in the movie I Heart Huckabees (Twenge & Campbell, 2016).
Based on Pavlov’s theory of strong and weak nervous systems, which is if someone with a strong nervous system has a better chance of tolerating higher intensities of stimulation, while a weak nervous system a person has a lower chance of tolerating high intensities of stimulation (Cloninger, 2013, p. 176), Hans Eysenck expanded to say that there are three more factors of personality, other than a tolerance towards stress. Extraversion is the basically the same thing as strong nervous system, where a person is still social during high stressful times (Cloninger, 2013, p. 177). Neuroticism is the second factor, where a person tends to be extremely emotionally during times of stress (Cloninger, 2013, p. 178). And lastly, is psychoticism where a person does not conform to cultural norms and can be classified as a social deviant during stressful times (Cloninger, 2013, p.
Introduction The aforementioned quote is taken from Carl Jung’s publication ‘Man’s Search for Meaning’, whereby Jung addresses the convergence and mutual influence exerted between both client and therapist. Jung’s analytical psychology proposes that their fields of consciousness combine, forming the ultimate guiding force in human relations (Jung, 1933). Jung (1933) further states that this unison is essential for the therapeutic process and treatment. Following Jungian psychodynamic approach, various subsequent theories emerged attempting to explain the relational dynamics between therapist and client.
The concept of personality has fascinated psychologists for years. Allport proposed the hierarchy of traits – cardinal, central, and secondary traits (Allport, 1945). Cattell also proposed his theory, the sixteen dimensions of human personality (Cattell, 1944). Jung developed a type-based theory of personality, with different dichotomous personality categories, which was further developed by Myers and Briggs in 1962 to produce the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (Ford, 2013). Some psychologists have even argued that personality does not exist; that people change behaviour over time and across various situations.
Over the years, many theories have been developed to study the human personality. Some of the notable theories are psychoanalytic theory, trait theory, humanistic theory and behavioural theory. In this assignment, we have chosen to compare and contrast the psychoanalytic and humanistic theories. Psychoanalytic Theory
This paper is a very brief overview of the author’s personality type as determined by the Jung Typology Test. The test resulted in the rarest personality form, INFJ. Each letter has been broken down into its individual meaning, also known as “preferences.” These letters stand for introverted, intuitive, feeling, and judging. Included with Carl Jung’s findings are definitions given by David Keirsey which group the INFJ personality into his NF category, then further describes them as “Counselors.”
The Various Perspectives of Personality There have been numerous studies of the factors that can affect a person’s personality. Typically, these studies always reflected on what role a child’s early life played in their adult personalities. The character of Howard Hughes from the movie The Aviator was a fitting example of the many effective factors (Scorsese, 2004). This paper’s purpose is to examine and describe theories such as the psychoanalysis perspective, physiological perspective, and biological perspective of personality traits. Psychoanalysis Perspective Erik Erikson was a student of Freud whose approach to psychoanalysis was called ego psychology (Larsen & Buss, 2008).
Jung’s theories vary, some of them are true and some of them are hard to believe, even though they have some truth to them, they are not 100% true. For example, according to Thomason “To Jung the Indians he met appeared to be tranquil and dignified, which Jung attributed to their belief that (as Mountain Lake explained) through their religious practice, they helped the sun cross the sky every day. Jung believed this belief and practice served the function of making the Indians' lives cosmologically meaningful.” But even though Jung believed this was true, humans cannot make or help the sun cross the sky. However, Jung’s theory on archetypes says that people are born hardwire which some people can agree to it “But what is the archetype?
Personality is the way one behaves, thinks and feels. Theorists are interested to learn what shapes personality, what causes one to behave, think and feel the way one does. Different theorists have different beliefs in what causes these individual differences. These individual differences can be split into two categories, nature and nurture. Nature would be environment while nature would be the brain and the genes, also known as genotype.
This has led many to speculate as to whether personality traits can also be inherited. People have speculated if psychological characteristics such as behavioural tendencies, personality attributes and mental capability was ‘wired in’ before
Personality is one of the main areas of psychology research. Over the years, researchers developed theories trying to explain how people are different and similar. Personality traits were grouped together to be determinants of more general traits such as Extraversion, Agreeableness or Neuroticism. The traits were tested for various correlations. All this to better understand why people behave the way they do and how big impact does the personality have on behaviour.
The first component stated that the personality reflects individual differences. Every individual have its own characteristics. Second component is a statement that personality is consistent and enduring, and the last component claimed that personality can change. There are many factors can influence the personality development which are heredity, parental characteristic, person’s cohort, birth order, normative age-graded influences, normative history-graded influences, non-normative life events, culture, and normative socio cultural-graded influences.