Title: Exploring Reaction Rates Authors: Lauren Parker*, Serah Wiedenhoefer (* - Primary Author) Introduction: Pollution is a crucial issue that many scientists continue to have trouble understanding. While there is a basic understanding of polluting events such as smog and ozone emissions, little is known about the details of how these incidents occur. However, researchers have recently made a breakthrough in comprehending the origins of these events as well as what type of factors influence said events. In this experiment, the chemistry behind reaction rates is explored in order to better understand how pollutant compounds are consumed as well as formed. Materials and Methods: In experiment one, the work area of the lab was divided …show more content…
This indicated that a reaction occurred. If a six was rolled for the A pile, no pieces of paper would be moved, indicating that no reaction occurred. The rules were similar for the “B” pile. If a number one through six was rolled, no papers would be moved from pile B, thus indicating there was no reaction. If a six was rolled for pile B, this meant a reaction had occurred and one piece of paper would be moved from pile B into pile C. Together, the dice rolls for piles A and B represented one unit of time passing. After each roll of the two dice, the amount of paper in each pile was counted and consequently recorded. This process was repeated until all reactant papers had reached pile C, indicating the reaction had gone to completion. For this experiment, 56 units of time had passed before the reaction had reached completion. In experiment two, three regions of the lab were once again designated to be regions “A”, “B”, and “C”. The same 10 pieces of paper utilized before were then placed in pile A to represent reaction molecules. Once two dice had been gathered, each one was rolled to determine how the reaction would proceed. The rules for this …show more content…
To help comprehend this equation, it can also be expressed as a function of the change of concentration with the change in time. These are called differential rate expressions. The differential rate expression for A can be written as d[A]/dt= -k1[A], where the d stands for Delta and the A surrounded by brackets represents the concentration of A. In the above equation, there is a negative sign in front of the rate constant k1. This is because as time passes, the value of A declines and the negative sign represents that the amount of A is decreasing. The differential rate expression for B can be written in two different ways. This is because B is an intermediate, meaning it is produced and then used. One way in which this rate expression can be written is d[B]/dt. This represents the rate of formation of B, seeing as how the expression is positive, indicating that the amount of B is increasing. The differential rate expression can also be written as –d[B]/dt, representing the rate of consumption of B seeing as how the negative sign indicates a decrease in the amount of B. Lastly, C’s differential rate expression can be written as d[C]/dt= k2[B], the positive value of the expression suggesting that the amount of C is increasing. The reaction ABC is slightly different in experiment one and
Nevertheless, the effects caused by the breakage of bonds will eventually lead to a decrease in the rate of reaction. As seen in the data, the reaction rate increased from 0.088 to 0.101 throughout the interval of -5℃ to 20℃ then decreased to 0.037 throughout the interval 20℃ to 56℃. This can be explained by the fact that 20℃ is the optimal temperature, therefore the active site of the enzyme is complementary to the substrate, causing the rate of reaction to be
each paper remained it's original color, thus concluding that the unknown was neutral. These results also led the students to believe the unknown was CaCl2 since it was listed in the neutral column. After the litmus test was conducted the students added a few drops of Na3PO4 to the unknown. When these two were combined a precipitate was formed. This final test on unknown F verified that it was CaCl2.
After record your data and determine the absolute rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Based on the data and observations the hypothesis was accepted. It was accepted because when pH were changed to a variety of levels the transmittance began to get higher reaction rates. The increased absorbance means greater amount of product and a higher reaction rate will be produced.
With many factors affecting chemical reactions, there is a significant relationship between these factors and the rate that they occur. As seen through many studies and experiments, surface area of solid reactants has a great impact on this rate of reaction. In conclusion, the scientist has learned important relationships and factors involved in the rate of which chemical reactions
Hypothesis: Increasing substrate concentration will increase the initial reaction rate until it stops increasing and flattens out. Independent Variable: Substrate concentration Dependent Variable: The substrate itself, 1.0% Hydrogen Peroxide How Dependent Variable will be Measured: Hydrogen Peroxide will be used in every experiment, just with different test tubes. The amount of Hydrogen Peroxide in the mixing table is the amount that will be added to each test tube.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table of Results DDA Concentration (M) Initial Mass(g) Time Interval Recovered Mass (g) Cumulative Mass (g ) Cumulative Recovery (%) 10^(-5) 160 0
purpose the propose of this experiment was too see if the chemical reaction of a enzyme can be made faster. Hypothesis I think that a warm environment would be best to make an enzyme’s reaction faster. because a protein can move faster in heat.
To determine the rate of reaction there are many method to be used for example, measuring the mass after the product has been added and measuring the difference in mass on the duration of a digital scale. Another method, which will be used in this experiment is using a gas syringe to measure the volume of the gas which has been produced. The cylinder inside, will be pushed out to show a quantitative presentation of the volume produced by the reaction. Hypothesis
5. Explain why denatured sucrase was used as a control. Denatured sucrase was used as a control because it was inactive compared to the active sucrase. Using it slowed
Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate the different types of chemical reactions, those including Copper. There are different types of chemical reactions. A double displacement reaction is a chemical process involving the exchange of bonds between two reacting chemical species. A a decomposition reaction is the separation of a chemical compound into elements or simpler compounds and the single-displacement reaction is a type of
Further applications of reaction kinetics exploration could delve into the effects of environmental factors
How does the amount of baking soda mixed with vinegar affect the volume of gas produced? The rate of reaction is the increase or decrease time taken at which the products are formed or concentration increase or decrease between a reaction of two or more substances. In the reaction, new bonds are formed whilst others have been broken.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of the experiments for week 5 and week 6 support each other in the further understanding of enzyme reactions. During week 5, the effects of a substrate and enzyme concentration on enzyme reaction rate was observed. Week 6, the effects of temperature and inhibitor on a reaction rate were monitored. For testing the effects of concentrations, we needed to use the table that was used in week 3, Cells.
AIM To design an investigation to study the kinetics of a reaction of your choice RESEARCH QUESTION With respect to hydrochloric acid (HCl), what is the order of reaction in the reaction between HCl and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) determined by changing the concentration of HCl and measuring the volume of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) collected in 30 seconds whilst keeping the mass of the powdered CaCO3 constant and the temperature of the reaction system at 25oC? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a chemical compound that is commonly found in rocks such as chalk, limestone, marble and travertine in all parts of the world. It also used as a form of medicine as a dietary supplement for a person with insufficient calcium intake because calcium is needed by the body for healthy bones, muscles, nervous system, and heart. CaCO3 is also used as an antacid to relieve
As a result the presence of the enzyme catalase in the cell helps to quickly convert this toxic substrate into safer products of water and oxygen (All Science Fair Projects, 2004). Hypothesis: According to the Collision Theory, in order for a reaction to occur, particles need to collide with a sufficient amount of energy and with the correct orientation. The temperature of the particles can affect the rate at which the particles collide.