Exercise Treatment For Major Depression Over Course of 10 Months Identify the independent variable(s) and dependent variable(s) Age and gender are the independent variables the dependent varies are medication, exercise, and the combination of both. State The Author’s Goals and Identify the Authors’ Hypotheses In this particular study 156 adults who had major depressive disorder decided to volunteer 6 months after the study had been accomplished. In this period they had been randomly allocated to a course which consisted of a 4 month course of aerobic exercise, sertraline therapy, or the combination of both exercise and medication therapy. Regarding the people who suffered with major depressive disorder exercise therapy is practical and is affiliated with substantial therapeutic benefits, particularly if they continue their exercise regimen …show more content…
The clients met the DSM-IV criteria for Major depressive disorder if they displayed either tenacious depressed mood or experienced a loss of interest or pleasure in addition to the subsequent symptoms: change in appetite, feeling worthless or excessive guilt, fatigue or loss of energy, impaired cognition or concentration, psychomotor retardation or agitation, recurrent thoughts of death, sleep disturbance, weight loss or change in appetite. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD 23) consists of 17-item clinical rating scale which was utilized to assess suitability interrater reliability; two clinicians independently randomly selected 10 interviews. The intra-class connection for the two raters was 0.96. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI 25) is a 21-item self-report questionnaire including symptoms and attitudes which related to depression. The items were added and summed in an overall score. The higher numbers proved a much greater depression with the range being in 0 to
The etiology of depression is a combo of genetics, social, and psychological (Grohol). This is not abnormal because the incidence of depression was recently found to be 9 percent in Americans by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Iliades, 2013). This illness manifests in a person by making a person show a negative difference in how one interacts in their daily life. A way to change a depressed lifestyle is to intervene with what one does in life. Emily Deans M.D states in her article Lifestyle Intervention for Depression that exercise and the sunshine can be ways to help when someone has depression.
The participants with mild to moderate depressive symptoms were separated from the general or normal population and they were treated to the MBCT intervention. The participants had to complete the measures before and after the intervention and the participants in the experimental condition so a conclusion would be drawn later on and the differences could be
9) DISCUSSIONS Epidemiology and prevalence Depression is common mental disorder throughout the world. According to National Institute of Mental Health, it is a prevailing yet serious illness that we can never ignore. World Health Organization estimates that 350 million people living with depression and it causes global dysfunction. In Malaysia, depression is one of the common mental illness influencing approximately 2.3 million citizens at some points in their lives, still this illness remains untreated and undetected (Mukhtar & Oei, 2011a; 2011b). It is estimated that 8 to 12 per cent of the people in Malaysia has depression, by Ng CG et al in year 2014.
It is well known, that for year’s physicians have prescribed natural and chemical medications to treat many psychological disabilities. Since the 1950’s, depression, a psychological ailment, that has been studied many times over and continues to be debated and studied. Through the use of medications as well as natural and psychological therapies the condition of depression is treated in numerous ways. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) is a form of drugs developed by medical and pharmaceutical companies; the goal of these antidepressant drugs is to target specific brain functions without affecting other cognitive skills and to reduce unwanted effects. As the use of these drugs became more widespread throughout the medical field,
In successful cases it turns out that throughout the therapeutic process the problematic voice establishes contact with the community of voices within the self, negotiating an understanding until it is assimilated by the community and become a resource (Stiles, 2001). This process reflects the mutual understanding between the dominant voice and the problematic voice, so the voice initially problematic joins (being assimilated) to the community and becomes an accepted aspect of the experience. Thus, the client will no longer experience the self rigidly and starts to live it as a flexible set of characters (Honos-Webb & Stiles, 2002). Brinegar, Salvi and Stiles (2008) examined the case of Lisa, a patient with a diagnosis of Depression Major, accompanied for 15 sessions of therapy focused on Emotions. Lisa was depressed and willing to understand why he felt that way.
Reality of Anti-Depressant Use It may startle you to know that of every mental disorder in the United States of America, anxiety disorders are the most common (“Anxiety”). “Anxiety is often a health response to uncertainty and danger, but constant worry and nervousness can be a sign of another trouble, internal rather than external” (“Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Toxic Worry” 1). There are many adolescents who struggle with mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression and take anti-depressants to help them cope, but the safety of such drugs on developing bodies is debatable. Anxiety is a horrible fear of something you could never put into words or describe (“Anxiety”).
The Beck Depression Inventory was created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. Its development marked a shift among health care professionals, who had until then viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted in the patient’s own thoughts. In its current version the questionnaire is designed for individuals aged 13 and over, and is composed of items relating to symptoms of depression such as hopelessness and irritability, cognitions such as guilt or feelings of being punished, as well as physical symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and lack of interest in sex. The BDI test is widely known and has been tested for content, concurrent, and construct validity. High concurrent and construct validity ratings are given compared to other depression instruments.
Exercise programs with a duration of longer than ten months works the best for decreasing symptoms of depression; due to the release of dopamine from the brain (Psychology, par 5). If athletes are able to control their mental state during performance, athletes will be more likely to be successful. Along with decreasing symptoms in mental disorders, acute exercise for only as short as thirty minutes can boost long-term memory roughly 10% (Howard,
According to Brown et al (2012) “the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report instrument with large use in clinical and epidemiological studies to assess depressive symptoms”. The becks depression inventory (BDI) uses a series of questions scored zero to three to that helped diagnose depression into four categories including minimal, mild, moderate and severe. Paul’s score on the BDI was 27 which mean that he was most likely suffering from moderate depression, but this score was very close to 29 which, according to the scale if a score reached 29 or over then the depression is considered severe. So his state of depression, although technically moderate his state of depression was worrying as it was at the higher end of moderate depression on the
According to Brown et al (2012, P.800) “the Beck Depression Inventory is a self-report instrument with large use in clinical and epidemiological studies to assess depressive symptoms”. The BDI uses a series of questions scored zero to three, which help diagnose depression into four categories including minimal, mild, moderate and severe. Paul’s score on the BDI was 27, meaning that he was most likely suffering from moderate depression. However, this score was very close to 29 which, according to the scale if a score reaches 29 or over then the depression is considered severe. So his state of depression, although technically moderate was worrying as it was at the higher end of moderate depression on the
The treatment provided for MI patients with depression needs to be effective in reducing the somatic/affective symptoms as it can improve the cardiovascular outcome (111). 7.0 PAST HISTORY OF DEPRESSION Depression has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular prognosis. There is speculation regarding whether this risk depends on the comorbid depression being a first episode or a recurrent one (115). The patient may have had several depressive episodes prior to the first myocardial infarction or the depression concurrence with MI might be their first depressive
With the results of recent studies, I am hopeful that more medical providers will look to prescribing exercise instead of medication to patients with depression. “Exercise, like any other treatment, won’t work for every depressed patient. But the psychiatrists who incorporate it into their practices are finding that the only way it can work is if it’s treated like real medicine” (Olga
With severe symptoms such as the chances of one committing suicide, remedial interventions such as short term hospitalization could be seen as imperative as far as stabilization and safety. This means of hospitalization can be regarded as the provision of outpatient support and counselling imperative to have people in better control. Other natural means for one to reduce depressive symptoms may include regular aerobic exercise such as swimming, running, brisk walking; meditation, yoga; and supplements such as fish oil or St. John’s Wort. The other helpful remedy is contacting a health care professional as soon as when one experiences depression since in most cases major depression is treatable (Lane, 2017) For some people, other procedures
(King, A. C., Taylor, C. B., & Haskell, W. L. (1993). Effects of differing intensities and formats of 12 months of exercise training on psychological outcomes in older adults. Health Psychology,
Referring back to the overweight, obese, and fat adolescents). Regular exercise can have profoundly positive impact on depression and anxiety, and more. it also relieves stress, enhance memory, aids your sleep , and improves the overall mood. When a person gets better sleep the person is said to be more interactive with others, and when someone exercises daily, the exercise has a huge positive impact on depression, anxiety, and more, so that person is said to be more interactive with the social world.