" Leadership is the ability of a superior to influence the behavior of subordinates and persuade them to follow a particular course of action." - Chester Barnard
Max Weber 's Theory: Types of Leadership
In Max Weber 's theory, he wrote about three types of leaderships: Bureaucratic, Charismatic, and Traditional. Weber was one of the first of the theorists to recognize that leadership itself was situational in nature, and that effective individuals needed to move dynamically from one type of leadership style to another to remain successful.
1] Bureaucratic Leadership
"Bureaucratic administration means fundamentally domination through knowledge."
Bureaucratic leadership is based upon fixed official duties under a hierarchy of authority, applying a system of rules for management and decision-making. This style of leadership can be advantageous in highly regulated lines of business, and it can be an efficient management style in companies that don 't require much creativity or innovation from employees. Bureaucratic leadership is one of the most prevalent forms of management today.
Weber 's Ideal Bureaucracy is characterized by the following: ~Hierarchical Organization ~Delineated Lines Of Authority With Fixed Areas Of Activity ~Action Taken On The Basis Of, And Recorded In, Written Rules ~Bureaucratic Officials With Expert Training ~Rules Implemented By Neutral Officials ~Career Advancement Depending On Technical Qualifications Judged By Organization, Not Individuals
Weber saw a charismatic leader as the head of a new social movement, and one instilled with divine or supernatural powers, such as a religious prophet. Weber seemed to favor charismatic authority, and spent a good deal of time discussing it. In a study of charisma and religion, Riesebrodt argues that Weber also thought charisma played a strong - if not integral - role in traditional authority systems. Thus, Weber’s favor for charismatic authority was particularly strong, especially in focusing on what happened to it with the death or decline of a charismatic leader. Charismatic authority is “routinized” in a number of ways according to Weber: orders are traditionalized, the staff or followers change into legal or “estate-like” (traditional)
Although, there are myriad definitions to the term, but there is a consensus in its measurement and the core concept behind it. According to Bass (1990), there is multitude of scholars that studies the concept of leadership and thus there are many notions that define it. Bas has conceptualized all these definitions under a unifying theme and he has expounded it as concept concept that influence an individual or group to comply through power, charisma, other behavior or persuasion. These acts are done under a coordinated and structure manner to achieve some pre-set
Leadership is the ability of one to organize or lead a group of people. A leader should be respectful, a leader is bound to know what goal is attempted to be reached. My favorite leadership quote is by Chris Hadfield, “Ultimately, leadership is not about glorious crowning acts. It 's about keeping yourself and people around you focused on a goal and motivated to do the best to achieve goals in life, especially when the stakes are high and the consequences matter greatly. It is about laying the groundwork for others ' success, and finally standing back and letting them shine.”
Sinners in the Hands of An Angry Preacher “There are good leads who actively guide and bad leaders who actively misguide. Hence leadership is about persuasion, presentation, and people skills. ”-Shiv Khera Jonathan Edwards presents arguments in his sermon “Sinners in the hands of an angry God” that are meant to persuade his congregation into converting to Christianity. Edwards uses tone, irony, and imagery to make the people convert to Christianity.
There are three basic leadership styles, they consist of: authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire. Leaders who utilize the authoritarian style of leadership give orders, are involved in most if not all decisions, and expect absolute adherence to their directives. Conversely, leaders who favor the laissez-faire style of leadership allow subordinates almost absolute freedom, giving little to no direction. Somewhere in the middle of these two styles, is the democratic style. Democratic leaders gather a consensus from their subordinates or constituents considering their opinions on an issue, before making a final decision on the issue.
It’s the era of 21st century and a decade and half of it is already passed. The idea of leadership is as old as man’s life and human civilization. For decades the leadership has been the source of various noticeable studies and much research has been done on this particular domain. Theories of leadership are developing and evolving since 1840’s with the occurrence of Great man theory, trait theories (1940’s-1950) and then contingency theories (1960’s), transactional and transformation theory of leadership (1970’s). From many centuries, all these leadership theories are an important resource of learning in reality as well as in practice.
There are four main core theories in Leadership; they are “Trait” theory, ‘Transformational’ theory, ‘Situational’ theory and ‘Behavioral’ theory. “Trait” theory refers to people who born with certain specific characteristics; Surgency, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Adjustment and intellectance. People born with these characteristics can become a leader easier because they already have what basic requirements of a leader. The trait theory focused on analyzing mental, physical and social characteristic to gain more understanding of what is the characteristic or the combination of characteristics that are common among leaders. Transformational leadership refers to the leader moving the follower beyond immediate self-interests through idealized influence (charisma), inspiration, intellectual stimulation, or individualized consideration.
Leadership Thought Prior to 1900 The earliest study of leadership thought would be the “Great Man Theory. This theory conceptualized leaders as a single “Great Man” who knew everything and influenced others to follow him. In leadership discourse, the Great Man theory—an assertion that certain individuals, certain men, are gifts from God placed on earth to provide the lightening needed to uplift human existence—is associated mainly with Thomas Carlyle (Spector, 2015, p.250). The focal-point of this theory is that leaders’ skills are inherent and set that them apart from those around them and that these traits enable them to assume roles of power and authority.
Analyse how leadership and management theories. There are a number of different ‘types’ of leadership and management styles used within our large organisation. There are 2 main theories of motivation and management that were developed in the 1960s by Douglas Mcgregor known as Theory X and Theory Y. Within this theory there are 2 general assumptions of how team members are motivated. Theory X is quite rigid in strong supervision and reprimands, where the workers are mainly interested in the wage at the end of the month, whereas the Y Theory is more about the team members having job satisfaction and complete tasks without direct supervision.
These type of leaders are so minded to work within the present systems and work out to accomplish goals of the organization. While sovling problems transactional leadership particularly dont think from the outside of the box. In 1947 Max Weber and later on in 1981 Bernard Bass described first time about this type of leadership. Controlling, organizing, and planning are the basic management process this leadership style focuses on them. In critical situation and emergency situations, this leadership style works very effctively as well as also handel tasks that need to be execute in precise manner.
This paper will examine the three leadership theories, identify how they apply to my practice, and explore how these theories interact with each other. The Trait Leadership Theory is based on the belief that a person is born with special traits contributing to natural leadership abilities. Studies of famous historical leaders have been used to identify various traits for this theory. Although the list of traits differs from study to study, there are five major traits that are consistent throughout most studies.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 Leadership Approaches and Leadership Styles Leadership, in the modern sense, is a concept that has existed since people began to live together. V.J Bentz, studying the literature of leadership until 1949, stated that the leadership was defined in 130 different ways (Bass, 1965) 4. At the end of the 20th century, this number exceeded 350. As there are current researches on leadership (for example, Asamani et.
• AN EVALUATION OF LEADERSHIP THEORIES Leadership Hypothesi s (An assessment): The hypothesis of leadership have increased over the last decade and results in diverse concepts. The subject matter of these is to identify the feature which describes a leader. The well known theories are; Great Man Hypothesis (1840):
This style can hinder staff ideas that may be beneficial for the setting but in the hand, it can be helpful in other situation such as where finance is involve. Democratic leaders enable their team to make contribution but they make the final decision. This leadership style inspires teamwork and motivate them to do their best. This enables staff to nurture and develop skills - why is this important in the workplace? Bureaucratic leaders “manage by the book”, they focus on job to be by policies and procedures.
Thus it can be understood that leadership is the ability to be able to influence individuals and providing the support necessary towards effectively attaining a shared objective. Types of leadership Burns (1978) introduced