The biological approach clarifies the behaviour in terms of biological processes within the body and it focuses on genes, chemicals like hormones and the brain. The only approaches in psychology that examine behaviours, feelings, and thoughts from a biological and physical point of view. Nevertheless, explains the aggressive behaviour in terms of hormones testosterone. The other one is sleep and it is a repair state of consciousness during which the body less active and less responsive to the outside world. Sleep is part of circadian rhythm which happens once in 24 hours. (1) p. 18. (2) p. 210
One of the sleep theories is restoration theory. It has been summarised by Oswald in 1966. The theory states that all animals sleep because they do allow
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The psychoanalytic approach is interested in the unconscious mind. It states that it is the unconscious, while the ego is conscious. During the sleep, the id becomes dominant, and the id’s main motivation according to Freud’s work on the interpretation of dreams in 1900 which reveal our unconscious wishes and fantasies. Freud believed that dreams involve wish fulfilment, which means the wishes that have been thwarted in the reality. Psychoanalysts believe that only some thoughts are truly inaccessible. There are others that can become conscious under the right conditions as known as preconscious thoughts. Most of the memories of the real life are memories of dreams.
There are strengths and weaknesses of the psychoanalytic approach. The strengths are it is impacted in terms of popular understanding of dreams. Also, many observations of psychodynamic therapists appear to be borne out in everyday life such as defence mechanisms. While the weaknesses of this approach that it is difficult to test, limited objectives approach and reductionist which means that it neglects to explain the complexities of the mind such as the nightmares. (1) p.
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Sleep serves to re-energize the body's cells, clear waste from the brain, and support learning and memory. It even plays vital roles in regulating mood, appetite and libido. There are main areas of the brain that control sleep. One of these areas is Suprachiasmatic nuclear (SCN) which are a group of neurons in the Hypothalamus of the brain. The one responsible for the release of Melatonin called the pineal gland. Also, Melatonin which is the sleep hormone and the daylight which plays a big part in the release of Melatonin. During sleep, circadian rhythm can be affected by internal factors which are known as endogenous pacemakers such as food taken and depression. On the other hand, there are external factors which called exogenous zeitgebers such as noise, temperature and sunlight or darkness.
During sleep, the brain passes through five stages until reaches REM sleep when dreams occur. Stage 1, when the body begins to enter theta, which is still a relatively light period between being awake and asleep. Some people fall asleep after 7 minutes and others sooner or longer. Stage 2, when the brain begins to produce very short periods of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity known as sleep Spindles. Also, the body temperature begins dropping and heart rate starts to calm
The Complexity of Sleep In Matt McCarthy’s Nap Time, he discusses the “most mysterious” of all needs - sleep. McCarthy uses the story of Mike Napoli to introduce this topic. Napoli’s story of his struggle with severe sleep apnea includes some abnormal elements. Firstly, he cites his “first dream in a decade” that he can actually remember (p. 49).
Our muscles begin to relax and occasionally twitch as well. The brainwaves at this time also begin to slow from their normal daytime patterns. The waves become very uniform and are typically categorized as alpha and theta waves. When we enter stage two non-REM sleep our breathing and heartbeat slow even more, along with the muscles relaxing even more than in stage one. At this time our body temperature decreases and eye movements come to a complete stop.
Although, not everyone agrees with Freud and his dream theory, the determination by other scientist to understand and interpret dreams have created new theories today. Therefore , experiments are constantly made to prove whether or not if emotions influence people's dreams. (Malinowski) Just as the author began the article with Freud and his dream theory his final thoughts revolve around accepting the theory. He gives us this quote to ponder on “dreams really are the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious –- where banished thoughts live on.”
I immediately disagreed with the analysis given by Dream Moods because I do not lack self-esteem or confidence. This is clearly displayed through the overall way I hold myself. I do not fully agree with the Activation-Synthesis model because I think that my recurring dreams must have some sort of meaning. I do believe that my temporary paralysis may seep into my dream and affect it. Freud's model does accurately display my fears.
Abstract This paper analysis a dream i had where i broke my foot. It is analyzed through the three views, psychoanalytic, biological, cognitive. The psychoanalytic view focuses on our internal motivations. The biological view focuses on how our brain is responsible for creating these dreams.
Our heart rate starts to slow down and our body temperature drops. Our brain also will start to send out short periods of rapid rhythmic brain wave movement known as Sleep Spindles. This process is then followed by stage three. Stage three is the changing period between light sleep and deep sleep. Deep, slow brain waves are considered as Delta Waves and they begin to emerge during this stage.
Is Freud’s theory of dreams scientific? Freud’s claim that all dreams are motivated by a (sexual) wish has been controversial ever since it was first proposed mainly because critics objected to granting it scientific values and consequently, validity. Popper posited an objection that most critics have appealed to. Though he did admit its values in other terms , he asserted that Freud’s proposition was in no way scientific because it would permit readily available fabrication of excuses to fend off any potentially negating results. Also, a person could not readily, if at all, confirm Freud’s experimental results due to Freud’s insufficient elucidation on the dreams observed and analyzed during his clinical treatment.
They would say dreams are trying to avoid telling us about ourselves, unless decoded (States 14). Psychoanalysts think more like scientists in the ethnography field, and philosophers, especially Freud. They think there is more under the surface of the dream to be decoded to know why one dreamt a certain dream.
Psycho describes the mind. The mind can be divided into two parts the unconscious and conscious. Ample of theories are used to finding out the unconscious mind, which many are unaware of. Psychoanalysis is used to treat psychological problems and enhance many lives. There are plenty of key concepts in psychoanalytic therapy.
When it comes to sleep, as many already know, there are various stages. However, what is rarely covered is the stages other than REM (rapid eye movement). The first stage encountered on a nightly basis is that of NREM 1 (stage 1). In this stage, our bodies essentially start to slow down various bodily functions such as breathing and pulse (“sleep”, n.d). Next comes NREM 2 (stage 2).
This section will consist of three parts: a summary of the purpose of the psychoanalytic perspective, the list of symbols in my dream and their meaning, and the synthesis of my dream
Sleep can be defined as the “periodic, natural loss of consciousness” (Myers & Dewall, 2015, p. 100). It could also be defined as “a recurring state of relaxation that is characterized by an altered state of consciousness, inhibited sensory activity, muscular inhibition, and severely reduced interaction with outside entities”(Alleydog, 2018). A concrete answer to the question of why exactly we sleep has yet to be answered by scientists, but there are a number of theories. One of the earliest theories about why we sleep is the inactivity theory. It is also referred to as the adaptive theory or the evolutionary theory.
He explained dreams as manifestations of one's deepest desires and anxieties, often relating to repressed childhood memories or obsessions. Furthermore, he believed that virtually every dream topic, regardless of its content, represented the release of sexual tension. In The Interpretation of Dreams (1899), Freud developed a psychological technique to interpret dreams and devised a series of guidelines to understand the symbols and motifs that appear in our dreams. In modern times, dreams have been seen as a connection to the unconscious mind. They range from normal and ordinary to overly surreal and bizarre.
One of the commonly looked at theories was discovered by Sigmund Freud it was especially famous in the 1899’s; the theory was called the Psychoanalytic theory, and it suggested that dreams are a representation of one’s unconscious desires. Freud splits psychoanalytic analyze into 2 groups the manifest content and the latent content; the manifest content is the actual image or content within a dream where as latent content is the meaning behind the dream. Other theories such as the activation theory believe that dreams are a way for emotions to be expressed. J Allen Hobson and Robert McClarley first proposed the activation theory in 1977. It suggests that during the stage of REM sleep the part of the brain that deal with memories and emotions become active and like Freud’s beliefs the brain tries to comprehend what the dreams are supposed to mean, and by implying this; the activation theory hints that dreams do function in an important way.
THE IMPORTANCE OF SLEEPING WELL Hello everybody, I’m going to speak about the most time-consuming activity in our lives: sleeping. As a matter of fact, we usually don’t pay much attention to the quality of our sleep, in spite of influencing a big deal our performance during the day, our health and well-being, in other words, our quality of life. That’s the reason why I would like to introduce some interesting material to understand better this important though disregarded necessity.