The Psychodynamic approach was created by Sigmund Freud, the theory is over 100 years old, Freud was interested in helping people, he mainly looked at the unconscious mind, he also looked at relationships and what the functions of our dreams are.
Freud developed stages of development which consist of 8 stages, trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame, initiative vs guilt, industry vs inferiority, ego identity vs role confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation and ego integrity vs despair. His stages focus on the needs for healthy development at a certain age, and social crises.
If someone accomplishes this then they develop a basic virtue which can then be used to work our crises in later life, failure can result in an inability
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Erik Erikson developed on from Freud's ideas, he believed in the oedipus and electra complex, he also took freud's concepts about the ego and other stages and he developed them further, he was the first theorist to define stages of development throughout life, he was concerned mainly with the social processes dealt with, by the ego, not the unconscious drives of the id and superego, he based his ideas on social issues like relationships, trust and how we fit in so society and how we see ourselves to others.
According to McLeod (2017) Erik Erikson developed the eight psychosocial stages that focus on social crises, a specific challenge, that needs to be overcome at that age for normal, healthy development, he believed If we are successful we develop a basic virtue which we can then use to resolve subsequent crises in later stages, failure can result in a reduced ability to complete further stages and therefore a more unhealthy personality and sense of self, these stages can be resolved successfully at a later
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The approach looks at every individual holistically to understand the individual, it is based on the nurture of an individual as we are a result of our upbringing, experiences and our environment,
The Humanistic approach is continuous as it is based on an individual's development and how if a person is given love, nurture and whatever they need to develop they will do so, in their own time and Rogers does not put stages into his approach.
There are three parts to our personally and our self concept, our self worth, self image and our ideal self, our personality is unique to ourselves.
Carl rogers said we prefer to see ourselves in a way that we are consistent with our self image and to stop ourselves feeling indesirable we start to use defence mechanisms such as denial, repression and projection and this can mean pushing people away, a person whose self concept is incongruent will have feeling and experiences will defend because the truth
According to Shaffer (2009), Erikson believed that human beings face eight major crises, or conflicts, during the course of their lives. Each conflict has its own time for emerging, as dictated by both biological maturation and the social demands that developing people experience at particular points in life (p.42). Every age someone deals with tells a story in their lifetime. There are eight stages in the Erikson’s stages.
While Erikson incorporated many of Freud’s theory, Erikson was interested in how social contact and associations played a role in the development and growth of human beings. A second theory that applies is Micro, Mezzo and Macro levels of conceptualization. Each member of the family can be helped by seeing to their spirituality, impulse control, work/school, ethnic identity, health, and emotional development. Life Span Perspectives Age/Developmental stage.
Freud theory focused more on the Psychoanalytic theories which are how the body behaves from birth to adulthood, and how their behavior are driven. Erikson theories stages were an examination of psychosocial challenges. Freud and Erikson perceive the significance of the oblivious personality on human development. They both base improvement on a type of engagement. At the point when contention isn 't settled properly, suffering can happen, which can prompt psychological instability.
Erikson’s developmental stages consist of the age during the stages, and what the person goes through during that stage. Erikson puts social and cultural aspects into Freud's biological and sexual theory. Each stage has its conflict and the person must find the balance in between the two
Erikson was highly influenced by Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory of Development. Although, at first Freud was limited to childhood based on the phallic stage, Erikson focused on developing a lifespan theory. The eight stages are as followed: Trust vs. Mistrust (infancy): The basic and fundamental psychological task is for infants to develop a sense that their needs will be met by the outside world. Is their caregiver responsive, reliable, and willing to meet their needs? That basic trust is facilitated by a responsive caregiver once an infant gets hungry, injured, or needs to be changed.
The author explains the theoretical approach to the therapy, which incorporates multiple theories such as humanistic, psychodynamic,
His childhood, education experiences, and careers influenced his contributions to lifespan development. As a “neo-Freudian”, Erikson developed eight psychosocial stages of development that greatly correspond with Freud’s Psychosexual Stages (Broderick
Psychoanalysis was first introduced by Sigmund Freud and is now known as classical psychoanalysis. The theory, as defined by Sigmund Freud, is the dynamic between underlying forces that determine behavior and personality. He stressed the importance of human sexuality, childhood experiences, and the unconscious processes. However, his theory was seen as misogynistic and narrow focused. Consequently, classical psychoanalysis was criticized and rejected by many scholars.
Erikson was influenced by Freud who theorized that a person develops in psychosexual stages most influenced in the first 5 years of life. Erikson deviated from Freud in that he thought that we are influenced by our social interactions and our desire
Each stage in this theory contains what Erikson terms a “crisis”, this crisis consists of interactions with others and through that interaction certain attributes and virtues are developed. Erikson was interested in Freud’s concept of fixation, but he used different concepts and principles in introducing the stages of identity development. In contrast with Freud, Erikson emphasizes that the development of personality is not limited. Instead, it is continuous throughout the whole individual’s life (Ewan, 2003).
Though, there are few similarities of Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory and Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, the major differences of the stages and the developmental issues that are explained in both the theories. The reason for this is that each theorist believed in his own experiences and ideas for the development. The main differences are that while Freud’s theory is mainly developed on the psychosexual changes, Erickson’s theory describes the effects of social experiences on an individual during his or her lifespan (Flannagan, 1999). Freud's stages of psychosexual development consist of five stages. Freud's five stages only went to the age of eighteen, whereas Erikson believed that personality develops throughout the entire life of an individual and for this reason his eight stages go
Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development Many researchers have tried to revise after Freud 's psychoanalysis, to show the value associated with the process and I have to follow their development (Kail, Cavanaugh, 2004). The most prominent of the so-called ego psychology was Erik Erikson. As with other postfreydistov for Erickson the greatest importance was the self and its adaptive capacity in connection with the problem of the individual. However, this does not mean that he neglected his theory of biological or social factors (Kail, Cavanaugh, 2004).
He constructed eight developmental stages depending upon sociological and psychological developmental instruments and methods. He published psychoanalytical theory of eight levels in his book entitled “The eight ages of Man” in 1950, but later on modified and expanded the theory. He has explained the term epigenetic and represented with space and time and focused on personality and behavioral influences from birth to mature nature of an individual. He also focus on the nature and its reflection due to experiences during the eight stages (Erikson, 1950). Erik Erikson's stages of development:
Contributions to Psychology Sigmund Freud was the first who use the term psychoanalysis in 1896. From that point his theories blossomed. Freud did not invent the terms unconscious, conscious or conscience. However he was successful in making them popular. Freud attained this through his theory of psychological reality, id, ego, and superego.
INTRODUCTION. A set of assumptions or rules on which the practice of an activity is based on is called a theory. It is also a fundamental or a basis used to account for a situation. There are several theories used in counseling practice.