Analysis of “Letter from Birmingham Jail” by Martin Luther King Jr.
Introduction:
In Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” the concept of what is justice and injustice is defined in an argument that King has against his fellow clergymen. King explains how the misunderstood concept of justice for some people can lead to injustice for others. He reference’s this notion by saying that “[i]njustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” This statement is directed towards clergymen, but clearly strikes a chord with all people who have failed to take action on the racial injustices that the african american people of the U.S. have faced. By doing this we see King take a position of calmness and understanding, rather than aggressive and attacking. This correlation of a perspective justice leading to injustice, is a prominent feature throughout history, which makes King’s claim transcend not only the original audience, but time as well. I fully support King’s claims, especially when looking at the world he describes, while comparing it to now and seeing how little certain things have changed.
Summary:
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He continues in his letter to explain that the reason he is their is not only because he was invited, but because there is injustice Birmingham. King explains that he is doing so in the same manner as the Apostle Paul, and solidifies his presence by stating that as he is in the U.S. he should never be considered an outsider in one of its cities. He closes his first statement by examining the process of non-violent protests, and how even with that being done, nothing has been resolved; he states this is an injustice that requires direct
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. is a man who has been known for his commitment to nonviolence and his efforts to bring about racial justice in the United States. In "Letter from Birmingham Jail", he addresses critics who say that the protests in Birmingham are untimely. Dr. King thought it was untimely because he wanted to end segregation, and strongly wanted equal rights for everyone, but he was told by the clergymen that the movement was “Untimely” and “Unwise”. King explained that there will never be a right time for change in this society that would bring equality and justice to us all. He proceeded to compare himself to Paul answering the “Macedonian call.”
Martin Luther King wrote "Letter from Birmingham Jail" not only to reply to criticism from clergymen, but to expose the racism in this city and promote his mission. King starts off his letter by writing about how he does not usually reply to all the criticism he receives, but he feels that this topic is too important to let pass by (King 331). King appeals to all aspects of citizens. By mentioning that he is president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, King ethically appeals to his audience by strengthening his character with experience and leadership skills (King 332). Another way King ethically appeals to his audience is by writing about the many occasions that African Americans have been treated unfairly.
Picture this. On Good Friday, April 12, 1963, protester against inequality, Martin Luther King Jr., was arrested for parading without a permit. It is now April 16, 1963 and he sits alone in a Birmingham City Jail cell with nothing but a pen, some paper, and a solemn look on his face. In scraggly, but intent words, he writes a letter. He was writing to the church clergymen, determined to make them change their ways.
When Dr. King composed his "Letter from Birmingham Jail," he was attempting to clarify the circumstances of black citizens to the white clergymen. Rather than showing what isolates King from them, he calls them "fellow clergymen," which expresses a feeling of brotherhood. "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere ()" legitimizes King's and the SCLC's (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) presence in Birmingham. King recognizes that SCLC activity is "untimely," and insisted that Albert Boutwell was not different enough for change (). King asserts that "privileged groups" will constantly challenge activity that threatens the status quo ().
The “Letter from Birmingham Jail”, written by Martin Luther King, Jr. from a lonely imprisonment cell in Birmingham, Alabama; was Mainly addressed to numerous ministers and priests, who at that time had written an exposed letter negatively analyzing the things King Jr. among with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference were doing during their protests in Birmingham. In this letter he expresses to the clergymen how upset he was about their disapprovals and that he would like to understand and address their worries. The first disapproval they make, states that he is an “outsider” to Birmingham, and that he has only caused trouble to the city. King Jr. replies to this disapproval by defending his freedom rights, and saying in a sincere
Martin Luther King Jr.'s usage of classification in Letter From Birmingham Jail helps to prove why peaceful protests are necessary to the cause. In his letter, King classifies the difference between just and unjust laws in order to show why certain laws have to be broken. He goes on to state the difference between the two, "A just law is a man-made code that squares with the moral law or the law of God. An unjust law is a code that is out of harmony with the moral law." By putting the laws into two different categories, King is able to prove to the people that the African Americans who break those laws deemed unjust are not wrong in their actions.
“Martin Luther King Jr’s Use of Authorities in “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” In Martin Luther King Jr’s argumentative letter, “Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” King argues his position on his nonviolent protests, segregation, and his disappointments with the church and Birmingham’s city officials. This letter was written to clergymen that called King’s peaceful protesting “unwise and untimely” (para.1). King explains his positions by providing examples that strengthen his argument. Overall King makes it clear that little has been accomplished in the civil rights movement to end segregation and the hatred Caucasians have towards African Americans.
King references several Christian and German readings and philosophers so that the clergymen are able to relate to the issues addressed in the “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” In doing this, he hopes to persuade the clergymen that anything unjust must be eliminated. He simply writes this letter so that all Negroes in the nation are looked at as equals to the clergymen and all whites instead of inferior. “I had hoped that the white moderate would understand that the present tension in the South is a necessary phase of the transition from an obnoxious negative peace, in which the Negro passively accepted his unjust plight… in which all men will respect the dignity and worth of human personality” (Comley 347). King makes it evident that whites and blacks cannot remain in the nation’s present situation.
He speaks about the reasons for his presence in Birmingham, the first of which is his position as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. King says that it was requested that they, “be on call to engage in a non-violent direct action program if such were deemed necessary.” (King 88) He notes that he did not come there on a sudden idea, but rather in response to the request of others. He also illustrates how credible the organizations he is a part of are: “We have some eighty-five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights.”
In Birmingham, Alabama 1963, African Americans roamed the streets of Birmingham protesting for their civil rights. Many people who protested went to jail including Martin Luther King Jr. During MLK’s time in jail, he wrote a letter . In the MLK's "Letter from Birmingham Jail", MLK, being a preacher and a civil rights activists, argues that the people in Birmingham, and others, who believe in civil rights for African Americans should act now. MLK writes to the authors of “Call for Unity” to justify his points on why the segregation law in Birmingham has to end and by doing so it will end racial inequality.
Dr. King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail”: Just and Unjust Laws Martin Luther King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” is a letter to eight white clergymen while he’s sitting in a jail cell, the result of a protest in Birmingham, Alabama that King, a Georgian, traveled to attend. Due to the criticisms of the clergymen, he commences his letter by explaining why he needed to come to Birmingham. King states that he was there for a multitude of reasons, the first being that he had organizational ties to Birmingham, the second being that he was there because there was injustice in Birmingham. He states that as a citizen of America, injustice in Birmingham is not removed from justice anywhere else because everything is interrelated, and that injustice
In his “Letter from Birmingham Jail”, Martin Luther King, Jr. is responding to criticism of the peaceful protests and sit-in’s that were taking place in Birmingham, which led to his being arrested and the reason that he was in jail. He first responds to the accusation of being an “outsider” by setting the stage for his being in Birmingham due to being invited because of his ties to the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights organization and due to the fact that he is president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Next, Martin Luther King expands on his moral beliefs that there is “injustice” in the way that Birmingham is “the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States”.
Martin Luther King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail addresses his fellow clergymen and others who critiqued him for his actions during this time. The clergymen along with others are addressed in an assertive tone allowing them to fully understand why his actions are justified. Throughout the letter critics are disproved through King’s effective use of diction and selection of detail. Martin Luther King opens the letter stating that the clergymen are being “influenced by the argument of ‘outsiders coming in” consequently he explains the reason for him being in Birmingham. In the opening of his explanation he states the injustices occurring, relating it to the prophets of eighth century B.C.
He writes about the treatment Negroes had treated and used ethos to share emotions through the writing. King states that “the political leaders consistently refused to engage in good faith negotiation” (6) which shows that the leaders of Birmingham wouldn’t negotiate with Negro leaders to help stop bombings of Negro homes in the city. This reveals the faultiness of the claim written by the clergymen. King also responds to the clergymen’s statement of calling him an “outsider” because he did not live in Birmingham. He responds by saying “I am cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities and states” (4).
In “Letter from Birmingham Jail”, the author, Martin Luther King Jr., writes a response to several clergymen’s letter criticizing him because of his protests in Birmingham, Alabama. King states his argument that “protest against anything unjust is necessary because although protest causes tension, tension is necessary for humans to grow and without this, segregation will never end.” (page number) This is an important idea behind King’s letter because it allows his readers to have insight on the purpose of his protests and why he finds speaking out so important. King continues to persuade the audience on the importance of protesting against segregation by shedding light on how long black men have been waiting for justice.