INTRODUCTION: Efavirenz5 (S)-6chloro(cyclopropylethylethynyl-1,4-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1-benzoxazin-2-one) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and is used as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Emtricitabine5 is chemically 4-amino-5-fluoro-1-[(2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2-(1H)-pyrimidon a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). The drug works by inhibiting reverse transcriptase, the enzyme that copies HIV RNA into new viral DNA. Tenofovir5 is [{1R)-2-(6-amino-9Hupurin-9-yl-1-methylethoxy} methyl] phosphonic acid. Tenofovir is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Literature survey reveals that chromatographic methods were not reported for related combination dosage form of Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir disoproxil. …show more content…
Filtered the solution through 0.45 µm nylon filter Buffer having pH 3.70 used as Mobile phase A and mixture of methanol, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran (50: 50: 2 v/v/v) were used as Mobile phase B. Diluent: Prepared a mixture of buffer and methanol (80: 20 v/v). Placebo preparation (Placebo I): Weighed accurately and transferred 255 mg of placebo to a 100 mL volumetric flask. Add 40 mL of methanol and sonicated for 10 mins and add about 30 mL of diluent and again sonicate for 15 mins. Allow to equilibrate at room temperature (RT) and dilute to volume with diluent. Filter the solution through 0.45 µm nylon filter (25 mm) by discarding first few mL of the filtrate. Placebo containing Emtricitabine (Placebo
C4564 Description: IC50: 3-AP is a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor and iron chelator with antitumor activity. Ribonucleotide reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo DNA synthesis, is an excellent target for chemotherapy. Its increased activity in cancer cells is associated with malignant transformation and proliferation.
These difficulties might have caused me to make mistakes on the amount needed to pipette or the type of substance. Overall, next time I would have made sure to pay closer attention to the pipetting portion of the procedure. Furthermore, we could extend this experiment by trying different kinds of
The doctor may change the dose as needed. For Skin Rash (cutaneous
Environmental Factors’ Effect on the Speed of Chemical Reactions Hypothesis: pH 8 solution will produce more oxygen during the chemical reaction than pH 3 because pH 8 is more basic and therefore would not denature the enzyme. Background information: The main function of all enzyme proteins is to act as a catalyst, speed up the chemical reaction and provide a place for it. The enzymes interact with specific substrates by combining at the active site of the enzyme.
Pat McGurrin October 24, 2015 Period #1 Honors Biology Mr. Dinunzio Murder and Meal Lab Analysis Procedure: 1.) Gather all materials: Safety goggles, 250ml beaker, water, hot-plate, test-tubes, paper bag tear, stomach contents, pipette, Biruet solution, Benedict’s solution, and Iodine solution. 2.) Put on safety glasses.
Next I measured 50 milliliters of distilled water into a graduated cylinder and poured it into the beaker filled with the guar gum. I mixed it together until the guar gum was dissolved in the water. Then I measured four milliliters of 4% Borax solution into a graduated cylinder and added it to the mixture. I then stirred it until it became slime. Finally, I poured it into my hands to feel its consistency and viscosity.
Using the samples in the cuvettes, calculate the absorbance by inserting them into the spectrophotometer. Record these results and use them to calculate the concentration of the drug left in the blood, by using the calibration curve. To construct a calibration curve, make up solutions of Eosin and water in seven separate tubes using table 1 and calculate the absorbance of each. Plot the calibration curve with this absorbance vs. the final
Notably, the development of antiretroviral drugs and rapid tests has helped many people live longer. Essentially, the ARVs reduce virus levels while preventing the existing virus from damaging more cells of the body (Boseley, 2012). Moreover, the measurement of CD4+ has enabled the assessment of the strength of the virus in patients thereby facilitating appropriate action. To date, people have become more conscious about the AIDS pandemic compared to the early years.
Materials and methods: 1. Materials: Urethane was purchased form Hychem Laboratories. AST, ALT, and ALP was purchased from ----------. All the others reagents use are of high purity and of analytical grade. 2.
I am writing to strongly recommend the promotion of Nicolas Sluis-Cremer, Ph.D., to the rank of Professor of Medicine with tenure in the Investigator-Educator track. Dr. Sluis-Cremer’s accom-plishments as a biochemist, translational scientist, and educator are exceptional and most deserving of promotion to this rank. Dr. Sluis-Cremer’s academic training and record of research, teaching, mentoring and service are thoroughly reviewed below. Training and Faculty Record Dr. Sluis-Cremer received his Ph.D. in Biophysics and Biochemistry in 1997 from the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. From 1998 to 2001, he completed a Postdoctoral Fellowship with Michael A. Parniak, Ph.D., at the McGill University AIDS Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
Imatinib & Nilotinib are used for its treatment. Imatinib mesylate (Glivec, Novartis), a potent competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase
Insert syringe into ICG powered vial making sure 5ml water contents are carefully distributed in. Take this step slow as the pressure may expel contents out from the rubber topper puncture site. Draw the contents to mix. To fully mix, you may re-insert and re-draw the solution in a back and forth manner.
Objective: Gene Therapy is one of the upcoming targeted treatment options. An attempt to understand the methodology for this therapy, look at the progress made/success stories, road blocks and future potential of this therapy option for patients. Background: In 1990, the first human gene therapy experiment was conducted on four year-old Ashanti Desilva who suffered from adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. Though a complete cure was not obtained it did correct the deficiency with reduction in expensive treatment costs.
Anti-Retroviral Therapy Introduction: HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and it is the cause of AIDS. T-cells are white blood cells that go around your body trying to find infections and diseases. When HIV gets into your body, it starts to attack T-cells so that they can duplicate and attack more T-cells. The immune system can normally prevent the virus from attacking but HIV attacks the immune system, which means that it can’t get rid of the virus.
Sr. No Year Achievements 1. 1984 Discovery of HIV-Ι 2. 1986 Approval of first HIV-Ι vaccine for clinical trials 3.