A rebellion is open resistance against a body that this is not necessarily violent. Therefore rebellion is a constant in history. Indeed it can be committed by an individual or a group, meaning there are more instances of a rebellion than meets the eye. Yet there has been dispute regarding the causes of rebellion throughout history. The modern era has been perceived by some, like Darnton, to be unique in causation because of the greater dissemination of ideas. Moreover the feudal system of the middle ages was gone and had been replaced by capitalism in most areas. So how could these rebellions be the same? However, this assumption is questioned here. Four key causations will be identified (survival, attaining more power, ideology and morals) …show more content…
It is a factor however, that has become more prominent in the modern era. This is not to exclude it from the medieval era though, as it was still evident. The Peasants’ Revolt itself would never have occurred if there was no ideology among some of the peasants who disagreed with the King’s actions in accordance with the Magna Carta. Sir Robert Hales’ beheading reveals this, as he was heavily involved in the unjust actions. Additionally the Zealots of Thessalonica held a belief that they were better equipped to govern their own city than Constantinople. Per contra there was greater means for these ideologies to be disseminated amongst the masses in the modern period. When the printing press was invented by Gutenburg in 1440, greater amounts of information could be distributed. Moreover the literacy rate increased. Ergo songs could be sung, newspapers could be read out and notes could be made regarding the King’s corruption in eighteenth century France. Enlightened thoughts were also increasingly held by people like Maximilian Robespierre, who would define the future of France. Andress is therefore justified to claim that the French people were politicised on the eve of the French Revolution. Equally this was the case for many of the participants against Charles I in the English Civil War, for they had heard about the atrocities committed by the Irish Catholics against Protestants in Charles’ name. Subsequently it is clear that ideology has played a significant role in modern rebellions, for it justifies action and an increase in personal power on many occasions. Indeed ideology has even driven some individuals to carry out rebellions in hopeless circumstances, proven by Lazzaretti and his millenarian followers. McPhee’s notion that ideologies remained after the French Revolution, is partially true. However these were created before the French Revolution. Indeed Darnton correctly labels
These rebellions are not against the hierarchy. , for the most part. The people discover “secrets” that lead to the rumor; the world is safe again, people may leave the silo. This of course is false, but the seeds
Luther’s radical new ideas regarding religion excited the peasants of the German states and his ideas stated in documents such as his 95 theses acted as a catalyst for the revolts that erupted in the lower class between the years 1524 and 1526. Peasants believed the cause of these revolts were the mistreatment they received from their lords and ruling princes. Their acts of revolution were largely based on new radical ideas surrounding religion, and some even saw it as God’s will. A third cause cited by the peasants was a need for their release from serfdom.
‘Henry VII successfully established his royal authority by 1487’ I think that royal authority means that the king would have had an heir to carry on his line and his opposition has been dealt with to a suitable extent. By 1487, Henry had spent two years on the throne after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, and within those years, I believe that Henry VII had successfully established his royal authority by 1487. However, there are arguments that suggest Henry did not successfully establish his royal authority by 1487.
These revolts were caused by an unequal balance in the social structure andgovernment. In Maryland there were results over religion. Maryland started as aCatholic colony but had to encourage Protestants
The peasants’ revolts in the German states occurred after the Reformation had gripped Europe. Religious figures at this time such as Martin Luther, and John Calvin, as well as writings like The Ninety-Five Theses, incited many peasants to look with new ideas about Catholicism and the clergy, which led to a call for reform, and later rebellion, the causes of which were mainly the oppression of lords against the lay people economically and physically, as well as extreme Lutheran teaching. Martin Luther, and those that were accused of the oppression, the nobles, responded by saying those that took part in the rebellion were unchristian, and should submit to proper authority, shaping the conflict and the rebellion.
Thomas Muntzer supported the rebellions, he believed countries had finally stopped resisting God’s Will, and he supported the peasants taking down the unethical upper class (Doc 4). As a protestant preacher, Muntzer strived to kindle rebellions because he yearned for a drastic religious reform of the corrupt Catholic church (POV). Being the man that started the Reformation, Martin Luther supported the development of a new religion, but he did not support the violent process the peasants were using to further the reform (Doc 5). Luther was a man of strong faith and he understood that killing nobles, even if it was for God, was unchristian, therefore he didn’t endorse the German peasant revolts even though they were in his name (POV). Caspar Nutzel, similar to Luther, responded to the uprisings by saying that the authorities had been very suppressive, but the peasants did cross a line with their improper conduct (Doc 6).
The Texas Revolution has played a massive role in Texas history. In fact, without it, Texas wouldn’t be Texas! But, why was there a Texas Revolution to start with? In this essay, we will be discussing why there was a Texas Revolution and who was there to start it.
The Enlightenment was a period of time that stressed the importance of reason and individual ideas. Many philosophers published works criticizing a country’s monarch or divulging the flaws they saw in a system within the government, such as the justice system. The Enlightenment also stressed the importance of education, and as a result of this, literacy rates experienced a major upward trend. Now able to read the philosopher’s works, a larger sum of people now were educated on the corruptions within their government. This caused a questioning of traditional practices, and people began to believe they could revise their government.
Throughout the novels Night by Elie Wiesel, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Disgrace by J. M. Coetzee and Cry the Beloved Country by Alan Paton, there are clear themes of rebellion, revolution or both. A rebellion is defined as an effort by many people to change the government or leader of a country by use of protest or violence. It may also be defined as open opposition towards a person or group in authority or the refusal to obey rules or accept the normal standards of behavior. A revolution is defined as a forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favour of a new system. It may also be defined as a radical and pervasive change in society and the social structure; it is usually sudden and accompanied by violence.
A rebellion is an act of violence or open resistance to an established government or ruler.
Thus, Philosophes like Voltaire, Rousseau, John Locke and Montesquieu, created new ideas about the different types of possible governments and societies, such as human rights, citizenship, & democracy. Eventually, these ideas began spreading throughout France. Similarities between the French and Haitian Revolution: In France, the Enlightenment helped influence the French Revolution because the third estate, noticed that their basic right wasn’t being met. Specifically, the bourgeoisie, which was the growing merchant/professional class were well educated and familiar with the writings of philosophes like Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau.
(Document 5). The fact that another country could have all this freedom and representation drove the peasants thinking that they can deserve this as
Throughout history there have been many wars and revolutions. During the 1600s’ there was the English Civil War. Shortly after that, in the 1700’s there was the French Revolution. The English Civil War was a war between the Parliamentarians and Royalists in England. The French Revolution was a revolution fought between the peasants and nobility of France.
The French Revolution was bound to happen. With the oppression of the lower class, a broke government and nobility questioning the government it was only a matter of time before the people fought back. Crane Brinton in The Anatomy of Revolution says that oppression and a broke government are just some of the reasons that the revolutions happen. Brinton argues that every revolution especially in the western hemisphere follows a pattern. He believes that the French revolution is clear example of that pattern.
Different factors had a part to play in starting or even propelling ‘the Age of Enlightenment’, including the rule of the Church and State which experienced a power struggle among them, in addition to the Western discovery of latest societies with noticeably exclusive cultural traditions and norms. Many intellectuals felt unhappy with the fixed social styles amongst their very own collectives, and angry at their governments' refusal to provide non-public rights. The lasting political effect of the Enlightenment can't be overstated. At the least three fundamental political revolutions came about throughout this time period in Britain, America, and France.