The Cold War is a very significant event, and perhaps one of the most important throughout US history. The Cold War shaped American in many aspects like, foreign policy, political ideology (ism’s), economy, the presidency, and lives of American’s. According to APA, (American Psychological Association) the Cold War was, “intense economic, political, military, and ideological rivalry between nations, short of military conflict; sustained hostile political policies and an atmosphere of strain between opposed countries.” The Cold War on foreign policy had to step up against the Soviet Union, the strategy they implemented was called “containment”. Containment was a policy used by the US using strategies to prevent the spread of communism overseas …show more content…
Board of Education, in the 1950’s a small young African American girl named Linda brown could not attend a white school just a few blocks from her home. In the 1950’s the segregation laws in several states had prohibited African American children and white children from attending the same schools. Brown V. Broad of Education was the case of four cases arising in separate states in relation from segregation of public schools on the foundation of race. According to US courts, “Linda Brown’s father and several parents from her school filed suit against the Board of Education of the City of Topeka, Kansas in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas. He argued that separate schools were unconstitutional because they violated equal protection guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.” The accusers were denied relief based on the example by Plessy V. Ferguson, which case established the, “separate but equal” policy. According to Oyez it had stated,” separate facilities for the races was constitutional as long as the facilities were “substantially equal.” The decision ruled unanimously segregation unconstitutional, the courts stated, “separate is not equal”, and that segregation had violated the Equal Protection Clause of the fourteenth amendment. The decision had impacted many African American’s; the case had opened many doors of the higher education for African American. The breakthrough decision had also led an increased enrollment of African American …show more content…
Several burglars broke into the DC office of the democratic national committee at the Watergate office. The intruders were found to be in connection to President Nixon’s re-election campaign, they had happened to be caught while attempting to wiretap phones and steal secret documents. According to History, “Nixon took steps to cover it up afterwards, raising “hush money” for the burglars, trying to stop the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from investigating the crime, destroying evidence and firing uncooperative staff members.” Overall it had come to surface that Nixon was not being truthful. For instance, he put together “hush money” for the burglars, tried to hamper the FBI’s investigation of the crime through the CIA, and over used his presidential power. According to History, “seven conspirators were indicted on charges related to the Watergate affair. At the urging of Nixon’s aides, five pleaded guilty and avoided trial; the other two were convicted in January 1973.” The impact of the Watergate scandal had changed American politics eternally, indicating many American’s to question their leadership, and also questioning upcoming presidencies. Congress as well in doubt had passed several laws for campaigning, government ethics, and freedom of information trying to cover a loop holes for future president
Brown vs. Board of Education Topeka is acknowledges as one of the greatest supreme court decisions of the 20t century (Alex McBride n.d 1paragraph) in 1954 most of the united states ad segregated schools the reason why there could be these segregated schools is because of the Plessy vs. Ferguson trial. This case was decided in 1896. With the case they decided that it was not breaking any laws to have segregated schools. The only qualification was that there was equal opportunity for schooling. Brown vs. Board of Education Topeka was one of the several cases that caused the segregation to not be allowed.
Board of Education was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement, and helped to establish that “separate but equal” education and other services were not equal at all. In 1896, the Supreme Court had ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that racially segregated public facilities were legal as so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal”. However, Oliver Brown, in his lawsuit, claimed that schools for black children were not equal to the white schools, and that segregation violated the so called “equal protection clause” of the 14th Amendment, which holds that no state can “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” The case went before the U.S. District Court in Kansas, which agreed that public school segregation had a “harmful effect upon the colored children” and contributed to “a sense of inability,” but still upheld the “separate but equal” doctrine. In its verdict, the Supreme Court did not specify how exactly schools should be integrated, but asked for further arguments about
The Watergate Scandal happened on June 17, 1972, in the Watergate building, Washington D.C. There will be questions throughout about the Watergate Scandal: What happened the President Richard Nixon, Who was president and part of the Scandal during that time. Impeachment of Richard Nixon will also be discussed because of his connection with the Watergate Scandal. Also, there will be a series of questions,What is impeachment? , When and why did process come about?, Tell about the impeachment process in Watergate?, and How has it been used recently?
These actions extended until 1964 when a colored man by the name of Oliver Brown (Brown V.Board of Education) went to court because his daughter had to walk miles and miles to get to the closest colored school. “The Plessy v. Ferguson decision that legalized the practices of “separate but equal”. In the Plessy decision, the
In Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) and Brown vs. Board of Education (1954,) both judicial rulings contrast through the issues of segregation, interpretation of the 14th amendment, and both of the judicial rulings occurred in different time periods, which affected the African-American community. Both of the judicial rulings are noted as crucial turning points in history for not only the African-American community, but for America as well. Although both of the cases dealt with issues regarding blacks, the judicial rulings of these cases heavily oppose each other. In the 1800’s during the Civil Right’s time period, African-Americans were forced to face segregation, and live an utterly isolated life from Caucasians.
A historic case in the U.S. supreme court was called the Brown vs. the Board of Education. Getting a good education is essential and we can see diverse population of students from different nationality in the classroom. However, this wasn’t always the case in the United States. Up until 1954, classrooms were very different than they are today—not allowing African American students to attend schools with white students. This was allowed because of the previous court case of 1896 of Plessy vs. Ferguson.
Upon the discovery of the break-in, those in close operation with Nixon faced the various charges from committing and covering up the crimes that became known as the Watergate scandal. It is an undisputed fact that Charles Colson participated in defaming Ellsberg by hiring E. Howard Hunt to find slanderous information on him. Some people believe Colson should not plead guilty in the Ellsberg trial’s charges, while others feel he should plead guilty. Colson should plead guilty to the Ellsberg trial’s charges given three reasons: it dismisses Colson’s
Browns vs. Board of Education is a case created in 1954 that stated “separate but equal” segregation in public schools is prohibited by the Constitution. This case was named after a father Oliver Brown that had a problem with his daughter Linda Brown having long and frightful walk to school every morning. Brown vs. Board of Education overturned a case known as Plessy vs. Ferguson and ruled that the same education white people receive, must be provided for black people. Plessy vs. Ferguson is a case created in 1896 that sustained the authority of segregation. This case arose from an 1892 event involving an African-American man by the name of Homer Plessy who went against a Louisiana Law by refusing to sit in a Jim Crow car.
They share same the same calamities – the mud, the hail, the weevils.” (Kilpatrick,29) These things are hard to imagine before the brown v. board of education, but it shows that the case is a huge step to connect all people together. Furthermore, even the case help the situation of segregation becomes better. It does not mean there does not have segregation anymore, but it still exists even in today.
The Cold War was an eventful time for America. Many actions and policies were made, most of which were for one thing: Containment. To thoroughly explain the full effect of containment, it is essential to explain the history and events that led to the policies that may have or have not surrounded containment. Containment is the motive of keeping communism within the borders of soviet power. One of the reasons containment started was the different views the US opposed the communist system due to their capitalist principles.
For example, the brilliant attorney Charles Hamilton Houston and the NAACP tried numerous cases in the Supreme Court that forced the Court to recognize that “separate, but equal” was hardly the case in public education. In the Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada (1938), a six to two decision, the Supreme Court declared that Blacks can be admitted to White institutions if they were was not a school for Blacks (Cotroll 64-65). Though, it was a victory, it represented a small crack against the Plessy ruling. In future court cases such as Brown I, and the Painter case, the Supreme Court began to rule against separate educational institutions (Hoffer 2017).
It was not until the ‘Brown versus Board’ case, in 1954, more than half a century later, that this provision was reversed. It was Oliver Brown who addressed the inequality of segregation, especially concerning the “equal” treatment of black schools, as they were clearly being neglected by most states. Alongside the National Association of for the Advancement of Coloured People, (NAACP) Brown won the
The effect of the Cold War led to destructive conflicts like Vietnam and the Korean War. The German wall was demolished and the two German nations were united. The Americans became the sole superpower of the world, and communism collapsed
"Linda Brown was born in 1943 and lived in the Midwestern town of Topeka, Kan. In 1950, Linda rode the bus five miles to attend the all-black Monroe Elementary School in east Topeka" (source). During this time, many of the African American schools were substandard facilities with out-of-date textbooks and little to no supplies. As a result, Linda's father, Oliver Brown, tried to enroll her in an all-white public school. After his request was denied, Brown fought the unfair decision. The case of Brown v. Board of Education, focused on whether or not the 14th Amendment was violated by denying education in a particular school because of race.
The world still shivers from the cold breeze of a seventy-year strong hurricane called the Cold War. The Cold War or so called the bitter state of indirect conflict, was a period of opposition, hostility and antagonism which took part from 1945 to 1991. It was an ideological clash between Communism led by the Soviet Union and Capitalism led by the United States of America. It started with the closing of the Second World War as it was the end of the temporary alliance between the two superpowers to bring the common enemy Germany down. Most of Europe was then split between the USSR and the USA making them world powers.