This essay aims to compare the cognitive and psychoanalytic personality theories of George Kelly (1955) and Sigmund Freud (1917) respectively. Although these two theories, based on personality, differ in the sense that the cognitive theory has many links to humanism and thinking of a person as a whole entity, it does follow and make reference to science, maths and physics which is similar to that of the psychoanalytic theory. It is also worth mentioning that George Kelly (1955) practised the psycho therapeutic theory of Freud’s (1917) before initiating his own cognitive method. In addition, this essay will also discuss what is meant by personality psychology and why, in fact, we study it and why said theories are important when assessing psychological personality disorders.
Personality psychology is the study of a human individual as a whole (Boeree, 2006). When one discusses personality it is important to note that one is discussing what makes a person different from other people. Differences are categorized by a number of factors, including biology, evolution and genetics, sensation and perception, motivation and emotion, learning and memory, as well as many different forms of psychology such as psychotherapy (Boeree, 2006). There are many theories regarding personality psychology and what the different aspects of personhood are, these are all based on different methods, experiments and theories. The vast number of theories are directly linked to the lack of scientific
In the past, decades ago, psychologists thought that only the nature or genes could affect your personality and other traits people carry with them.
1. Personality- individual differences in characteristic 2. Psychodynamic theories- views that defends personality of conscious and unconscious 3. Psychoanalysis-
Every individual goes through different experiences that mold them into who they are. The combination of their genetic makeup, the environment in which an individual is exposed to, peers, culture, and many other factors determine who they are as an individual (Twenge & Campbell, 2016). This is also what is considered to be an individual’s personality. It is the greatest influence on how an individual will react in any given situation; not everyone will react the same in any situation. Personality is the recurring patterns of thoughts, behaviors, and feelings that can be seen across all situations and time (Twenge & Campbell, 2016, p. 6).
Personality Theory Analysis Personality makes each of us an original, and the theories of how to define the development of something that is unique to each individual are plenty. This paper will seek to compare and contrast two of these theories, learning and dispositional. It will seek to describe both theories and the roles that they play in influencing personality and behavior, what personality characteristics they are associated with, as well as explain the interpersonal relational aspects that are tied to both of these theories. Compare and Contrast Dispositional and Learning Theories “Methods in which scientists could acquire an understanding of how human behavioral development progressed has been sought after by behavioral scientists
The Various Perspectives of Personality There have been numerous studies of the factors that can affect a person’s personality. Typically, these studies always reflected on what role a child’s early life played in their adult personalities. The character of Howard Hughes from the movie The Aviator was a fitting example of the many effective factors (Scorsese, 2004). This paper’s purpose is to examine and describe theories such as the psychoanalysis perspective, physiological perspective, and biological perspective of personality traits. Psychoanalysis Perspective Erik Erikson was a student of Freud whose approach to psychoanalysis was called ego psychology (Larsen & Buss, 2008).
Both men and women’s personalities are seen to be affected by societal factors weather through behavior and cognitive differences. Personality gives individuals a chance to be different and to be differentiate. Although a person is seemed to be affected in their everyday lives by society, individuals seem to not notice the changes nor to question it. A question known to individuals and will it be answered? Is personality an inborn concept or are humans predisposed to factors that form and shape their
There are many theories describing the personality of a person. For example, there are the intuitive/logical minds. According to psychologists, a person’s brain divides into two hemispheres: the intuitive
Personality is the way one behaves, thinks and feels. Theorists are interested to learn what shapes personality, what causes one to behave, think and feel the way one does. Different theorists have different beliefs in what causes these individual differences. These individual differences can be split into two categories, nature and nurture. Nature would be environment while nature would be the brain and the genes, also known as genotype.
The Psychoanalytic Theory represents one of the most sweeping contributions to the field of personality. This theory proposes that our childhood experiences and unconscious desires influence our behavior (Talvitie, 2012). William Ford Gibson an American-Canadian writer once wrote, "When you want to know how things really work, study them when they 're coming apart.” The Psychoanalytic theory consists mainly of using methods to bring out unconscious material that needs work on. Understanding as well as establishing that there are all sorts of forces that affect one life which attribute in making us into the individuals that we are at present.
Personality is one of the main areas of psychology research. Over the years, researchers developed theories trying to explain how people are different and similar. Personality traits were grouped together to be determinants of more general traits such as Extraversion, Agreeableness or Neuroticism. The traits were tested for various correlations. All this to better understand why people behave the way they do and how big impact does the personality have on behaviour.
In general, personality can be defined as the enduring, inner characteristics of individuals that contribute to consistency in people’s behaviors. Personalities are within individuals, which can help them to distinguish themselves from other individuals and make them unique as to attributes of functioning that are common to all humans, such as extravert, shy, aggressive, lazy and etc. (Robbins and Judge, 2007) On the other hand, sojourner adjustment is interpreted in terms of the removal of positive reinforcements and the presentation of aversive stimuli.
In 1923, Sigmund Freud proposed his theory that the make-up of an individual’s personality is largely governed by three fundamental components: the id, the ego, and the superego. Working through the unconscious and shaping behavior according to psychological fixations and conflicts or lack thereof, these elements evolve through five levels of psychosexual development (Freud, 1962). However, in spite of its compelling approach to the phenomenon, Freud’s structural theory of personality is riddled with limitations and as such, is subject to much criticism. The mind is layered into three states: the conscious, referring to the thoughts currently in our forefront; the preconscious, idle thoughts that can be easily accessed and brought to the conscious; and the unconscious, which houses the more instinctual drives that are repressed because it threatens the conscious’ equilibrium (Cloninger, 1996).
Sigmund Freud is Psychology’s most famous psychoanalysis. His work and theories have helped shape our views of personality, levels of consciousness and unconsciousness mind, the structure of personality and the development of personality. There are three aspects to Freud’s theory of personality structure and fives stages through the psychosexual development. The psyche
Personality is defined as the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual 's unique character. Personality theory is the approaches to understanding the “What”, “How” and “When” of characteristics and features that make up an individual 's personality. An insight into personality is important to understand the function of a person’s mind. By doing this you would be able to understand and observe your own psyche from an outside perspective, interact with others better and understand why they do what they do or predict how someone may react to something. My personality can be describe as Introverted since I am reserved, practical and quiet.
The first component stated that the personality reflects individual differences. Every individual have its own characteristics. Second component is a statement that personality is consistent and enduring, and the last component claimed that personality can change. There are many factors can influence the personality development which are heredity, parental characteristic, person’s cohort, birth order, normative age-graded influences, normative history-graded influences, non-normative life events, culture, and normative socio cultural-graded influences.