Separate Neutral Compounds
In this experiment, extraction was used as a separation technique to separate the acid, base, and neutral compounds. In extraction, two immiscible solvents with different polarities are used to dissolve and separate different solute components, so they form two distinct liquid layers. In this experiment, ethyl acetate, an organic solvent, and an aqueous solution, were used as the two immiscible solvents. The extraction solvent must be capable of dissolving one of the mixture components, without irreversibly reacting with it. While initially it seems as though the organic acid, base, and neutral compounds would never pass into the aqueous layer, the conjugate acid and base of the organic base and acid respectively are soluble in water. The conjugate …show more content…
The two solvents were added to the funnel, and the funnel was capped and the stopcock was closed to avoid spilling of solution. The funnel was then turned over several times for several minutes to let the aqueous and organic layer make contact by increasing surface area of reaction. The stopcock was periodically opened to relieve the air pressure that built up due to gaseous products formed by the reactions. In the first step, HCl was added to the ethyl acetate, which protonated the organic base, forming the base’s conjugate acid, which was polar and hence soluble in the aqueous solution. The aqueous layer was drained, and NaOH was added to neutralize the solution, and deprotonate the conjugate acid to reform the original base, which, as an organic base, was mostly insoluble in an aqueous solution, and precipitated out. Similarly, NaOH deprotonated the organic acid to form a polar water soluble conjugate base. When HCl was added to neutralize the solution, the conjugate base was reprotonated, and the largely insoluble organic acid precipitated out. Sodium sulfate crystals were added to the neutral compound in the organic solvent, because of their hygroscopic property, in order to remove all water from the ethyl acetate solution. The crystals were then filtered out using a piece of cotton with a glass funnel, which ideally trapped and removed all sodium sulfate
Triphenylethanol Synthesis Lab Report
1804 Words | 8 PagesThe contents of the reaction flask were slowly poured into the 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask which already contained 13.75 g ice and 25 ml of 10% H2SO2. The round bottom-flask was rinsed with 2.0 mL of 10% H2SO4 and 2.0 mL of diethyl ether, and the rinses were added to the mixture in an Erlenmeyer flask. Then, the mixture was swirled until all the salt was hydrolyzed, and the product distributed well into the ether layer. A
Separation Of Ramonas Lab Results
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Solute To Dye Synthesis Lab Report
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Bromohexane Lab Report
1111 Words | 5 PagesIt forms a complex with HBr and extracts it from the aqueous phase into the organic phase where the alkene is. This dehydrates the acid, making it more reactive so that the addition reaction is possible. Rapid stirring is required in order to maximize the surface area
Compare And Contrast The Separation Of Copper Chloride And Sodium Chloride Mixture
1371 Words | 6 PagesHypothesis Copper (II) chloride and sodium chloride can successfully be separated from eahothe by using dissolution, filtration and evaporation Appartus 4g copper (II) chloride 4g sodium chloride 50ml
2-Bromobutane Lab Report
2033 Words | 9 PagesA syringe needle with gas product is injected into the machine, and the component is eluted and the composition is related to the column or the peaks. In this experiment, dehydration and dehydrobromination undergo the elimination reaction, which includes E1 and E2 reaction. E1 is unimolecular elimination, which is removing H-X substituent to form a double bonds. The mechanism of E1 reaction includes 2 steps, formation of carbocation and deprotonation. E2 is bimolecular elimination, which is the removal of two substituent groups to form an alkene.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction Lab Report
821 Words | 4 PagesAfter obtaining an homogeneous mixture, the flask was placed in an ice bath during five minutes next to a graduated cylinder containing 5.0 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid. The temperature of the ice bath was recorded to be 1.1 °C. Likewise, a second graduated cylinder containing 1.8 mL of nitric acid and 2.5 mL of sulfuric acid was immersed in the cold ice bath to keep the three different solutions at the same temperature. Thereafter, the cold 5.0 mL of H2SO4 were added to the erlenmeyer flask containing the acetanilide solution, which remained in the cold water for approximately another 4 minutes.
Dehydration Of 2-Methylcyclohexanol Lab Report
967 Words | 4 PagesThe dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol takes place at the bottom of the Hickman still. As the Hickman still heats up within the sand bath, the products evaporate and travel higher up in the still where they condense into a liquid and fall within the collection ring, thus separating the product from the remaining water. Drierite (CaSO4) is also added as a drying agent to absorb any leftover water within the product. The purity of the product will then be analyzed with infrared spectroscopy, paying attention to OH peak if it is present. Chemical Reactions: Data and Observations: Material Volume Mol.
Tetraphenylnaphthalene Lab Report
779 Words | 4 PagesBenzyne Formation and the Diels-Alder Reaction Preparation of 1,2,3,4 Tetraphenylnaphthalene Aubree Edwards Purpose: 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene is prepared by first producing benzyne via the unstable diazonium salt. Then tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and benzyne undergo a diels-alder reaction to create 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. Reactions: Procedure: The reaction mixture was created. Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.1197g, 0.3113 mmol) a black solid powder, anthranilic acid ( 0.0482g, 0.3516 mmol) a yellowish sand, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1.2 ml) was added to a 5-ml conical vial.
Benzocaine Synthesis Lab Report
536 Words | 3 PagesIn the round-bottom flask (100 mL), we placed p-aminobenzoic acid (1.2 g) and ethanol (12 mL). We swirled the mixture until the solid dissolved completely. We used Pasteur pipet to add concentrated sulfuric acid (1.0 mL) to the flask. We added boiling stone and assembled the reflux. Then, we did reflux for 75 minutes.
O-Vanillin Lab Report
840 Words | 4 PagesGlacial acetic acid and acetic anhydride were added to the mixture while refluxing, which converted the lime colored solution into a clear mixture. The flask was cooled in an ice bath and the solution
Unknown White Compound Lab Report
1367 Words | 6 PagesWeighed 1 gram of NaC2H3O2 and mixed it with ionized water. Boiled 12 mL of 1.0M Acetic Acid added into a beaker containing the sodium carbonate on a hot plate until all the liquid is evaporated
Neutralization Theory
968 Words | 4 PagesOver the course of this paper, Sykes and Matza’s Techniques of Neutralization theory will by analyzed for critiques. This theory has already been discussed in part one of Theory Application and Critique assignment. The Techniques of Neutralization theory has both positive and negative aspects which correspond to the critiques of the theory. The first critique will focus on how Sykes and Matza only theorized about juvenile delinquents and their negative deviant acts, and the second critique will show that this theory can apply to wide range of crimes such as sexual abuse and corporate crimes.
Separation And Purification Of An Unknown/Complex Compound
379 Words | 2 PagesIntro: Separation and purification of an unknown/complex compound can be done by using techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid-liquid extraction, recrystallization, melting point, and thin layer chromatography. In this experiment, these techniques were used to separate excedrin’s components containing caffeine, excedrin, and acetaminophen, Each component has its own chemical properties and characteristics such as polarity, reactivity, and solubility. Knowing how to separate and purify compounds from each other is an important skill within in a lab setting. A few techniques for first initially separating compounds apart are liquid-liquid extraction and solid liquid extraction. Liquid-Liquid extraction involves using a seperatory funnel and release on varying solubities and different solids in immiscible solvents.
Recrystallizing Benzoic Acid Lab Report
1019 Words | 5 PagesIn Experiment One we will be recrystallizing Benzoic Acid from water. In Experiment Two we will be recrystallizing Benzoic Acid using a solvent pair made up of Methanol and Water. The Seven step process of recrystallization consists of adding a solid organic substance into a solvent, then dissolving the chosen solute, decolorizing the solution, filtering solids, then recrystallize the solute by slowly cooling
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