The Historian’s Craft - Parting the Waters
What questions does the historian ask in this excerpt? The Montgomery Bus Boycott
How effective was the bus boycott?
What are some economic influence from the bus boycott?
Who was the dominant leader of MIA?
Who was manipulating behind the MIA?
What effect did the fake announcement of the Advertiser brought to the boycott?
What did the white citizens think about the bus boycott?
What did the whites think about the opinions of negroes on the whites?
Why was King being arrested into the jail?
What was the reaction of King after his house had been bombed? And the reactions of the negroes?
Who was Bayard Rustin? And how did he impact the society and the protest?
What role did the NAACP play for the movement? And what was the result of it?
What was the result of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
How was the racial situation changed for the Negroes after the boycott?
How was King effective throughout the whole boycott movement according to the Times?
How does he find the answer?
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He referred to the newspapers the most such as the Advertiser and the New York Times. By quoting the newspapers, Branch informed his audiences the history known by the public about the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This provided the best understanding of the general scenario of the movement and the impact on the society at that time. The author used some primary sources, such as Martin Luther King’s Stride Toward Freedom, to present an accurate and authentic view of the history. Branch aimed to depict different views of the movement by using different kinds of
Reverend Ralph Abernathy was a political activist who lived a great life, made many contributions to the Montgomery Bus Boycott, and made a huge impact on the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Ralph Abernathy was an inspiration to everyone. He was also very intelligent and faithfully committed to the belief of God. One of his famous quotes is, “I don’t know what my future holds, but I know who holds the future. Ralph Abernathy was born on March 11, 1926.
In Montgomery there was a bus boycott that lasted thirteen months there. It was lead by Martin Luther King Jr. What lead up to the boycott starting was Rosa Parks being arrested. Nobody rode the buses but instead they walked even in the pouring rain, carpooled all over town and used taxis.
The 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott was a success in bringing equality among the racial segregation within buses and bus stations. One day in 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for not moving when she was told to, which led to the call of boycotting against buses. Afterwards, African Americans gathered together and made a stance in refusing to ride buses as a protest against the unfair treatments they have endured on the buses (Document 2). Despite breaking black discriminating laws, they followed a nonviolent approach during their protest, which developed a progress toward equality. In addition, many blacks decided to avoid buses overall by finding different methods of transportation after the police started harassing the black taxi drivers.
Explain the boycott of the Montgomery bus company?(When, who, what, why, how, consequences) It started
Because the African American population as a whole worked together and all refused to ride the bus, they boycott was a success. With a leader such as Martin Luther King Jr the population were enabled to build a movement to a point where it got the exact result they wanted. “In Montgomery, Alabama, king found a receptive audience for his sermons. ”(Doc F) He found the perfect group of people that were bind by the hope for change to stage such a mass protest that lasted 13 months.
They no longer would ride the buses and this made the transportation system take a huge hit. The boycott was fueled by the arrest of Rosa Parks, as well as a speech made by Martin Luther King Jr. From this however came an increase in anti-Black violence. And because of the
History, but is was longest. Prior to the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Reverend T.J. Jemison lead a bus boycott in Baton Rouge, but it lasted only two weeks. In addition to the boycott in Baton Rouge, there were more bus boycotts, but they did not last long enough to make an impact. Many people had an impact on the movement before the Boycott 1955 such as Jackie Robinson, Emmett Till, and Harry Truman, who all either supported the Civil Rights Movement or were victimized by the harsh ways of racists. Also, leading up to the Montgomery Bus Boycott, many things sparked anger and frustration in African Americans such as widespread inequality, and extreme
Another important event that challenged the status quo and called all the black people to action was the bus boycotts, specifically the Montgomery Bus Boycott in Alabama which was the one who called the most attention from the mass media. Aldon Morris writes, “Under the Jim Crow system, every public bus had a ‘colored section’ in the back and a ‘white section’ in the front. If the white section filled up, blacks had to move farther toward the back, carrying with them the sign designating
Because buses were segregated, many African Americans boycotted using buses. In Tallahassee, black students waved at the buses going by (Document 7). The lack of African Americans using the bus led to more empty buses, soon persuading the bus systems to integrate. The bus boycott in Tallahassee followed soon after the famous Montgomery Bus Boycott. After a year of not using the bus, the African Americans in Alabama were finally granted their right to sit wherever they pleased on the bus.
If the employee or worker refused, then the protester did not leave until they got what they ordered, or until they were arrested. Bus boycotts, which originated from Rosa Parks, consisted of the protesters not riding the buses to where they had to go, in exchange for a first-come, first-seated policy, desegregated seating, and black bus drivers. For a long time, this peaceful tactic was not getting any results. The author reports, “Although African Americans represented at least 75 percent of Montgomery’s bus ridership, the city resisted complying with the MIA’s demands”(“Montgomery Bus Boycott”, 2017). In spite of the fact that the majority of the bus riders were blacks, the busing systems systems did not adhere to these demands until later.
Bus drivers got to choose who stood and who had the right to sit down when the bus was full. Parks thought this was unjust. African Americans all around town refused to get on the buses. King ended up being a part of this boycott.
The boycott was a huge success it lasted 381 days” . Finally, everyone’s hard work paid off . On November 13,1956 the United States Supreme Court , the highest court said that bus segregation was unconstitutional” . In December of 1956 , the black community of Montgomery was ready to get back on the buses , but this time they didn't have to ride in the back of the buses. Rosa Parks got on the Cleveland Avenue bus the same bus that t she got arrested on .
Martin Luther King Jr. was a key leader in the civil rights movement, and is well known for his Alabama bus boycott as well as many other nonviolent forms of demonstration against segregation. He wrote “Letter from Birmingham Jail” from his jail cell in Birmingham, Alabama after being arrested for peaceful protesting, in 1963. This letter is a response to “Statement by Alabama Clergymen,” in which various members of the clergy criticized King’s efforts to take a stand against discrimination. Throughout paragraphs 13 and 14, King uses metaphors, antitheses, as well as a somber tone in order to appeal to pathos, to argue for the priority needed to change segregation laws.
It caused further segregation throughout the country. As blacks began to speak out for freedom and equality, whites pushed back. Rather than listening to the speeches of black leaders in order to understand their plight for equality, whites ignored peaceful protests and instead used police force to subdue large crowds. The Montgomery bus boycott succeeded in ending the ordinance for the segregation between blacks and whites on public buses. However, it further segregated the social interactions between the two races.
Unbenounced to her, Rosa Parks’ refusal to give up her seat to a white man ignited one of the largest and most successful mass movements in opposition to racial segregation in history. At a time when African Americans experienced racial discrimination from the law and within their own communities on a daily basis, they saw a need for radical change and the Montgomery bus boycott helped push them closer to achieving this goal. Unfortunately, much of black history is already excluded from textbooks, therefore to exclude an event as revolutionary to the civil rights movement as this one would be depriving individuals of necessary knowledge. The Montgomery bus boycott, without a doubt, should be included in the new textbook because politically